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#C4 is a new explosive so powerful, its shockwave can damage enemies even through walls and behind cover. Be ready with an evacuation plan when you hear those beeps 🚨
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PC #TestServers have been updated with Patch 7.3,bringing vehicle balance changes, improvements to train routes and terrain on Vikendi, a new timed explosive, the return of parachute follow mode, and more! Check out the patch notes here 🔗 bit.ly/3h7zO3m
Twitter · 3 days ago
The #PUBG #FreeWeekend is live! ⠀ Try out the game that defined the Battle Royale genre or show your friends the ropes and treat them to a free chicken dinner. ⠀ During this time, PUBG is also 50% off! Event ends June 8th.
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PUBG joins PlayStation’s Days of Play 2020 deals. Get 50% off from now for PS4! - AMER: 2020-06-03 8:00am ~ 06-17 11:59am (PT) - EMEA: 2020-06-03 1:00am ~ 06-17 11:59am (GMT) - ASIA: 2020-06-03 11:00am ~ 06-16 23:59pm (Local Time)
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PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › PlayerUnknown's_Battleground
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South ...
PUBG MOBILE - Mad Miramar on the App Storeapps.apple.com › app › pubg-mobile-mad-mirama
May 7, 2020 - PUBG MOBILE delivers the most intense free-to-play multiplayer action on mobile. Drop in, gear up, and compete. Survive epic 100-player classic ...
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Dec 21, 2017 - At PUBG Corp., Greene is working with a veteran team of developers to make PUBG into the world's premiere battle royale experience.
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Online gameDescription6/10 · Steam
89% liked this video game
Google usersDescriptionPlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. Wikipedia
Initial release date: July 30, 2016
Designer: Brendan Greene
Composer: Tom Salta
Producer(s): Kim Chang-han
Developers: PUBG Corporation, Krafton
Publishers: PUBG Corporation, Krafton, Lightspeed & Quantum, Xbox Game Studios, Kakao Games
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Audience reviews
This game is best ever than free fire and have almost same features as that of pubg mobile. I am not giving this game negative publicity but a few changes have to be happened in this game. First of all, I wants to draw your attention about new characters. Yes, of course to ...
This game is best ever than free fire and have almost same features as that of pubg mobile. I am not giving this game negative publicity but a few changes have to be happened in this game. First of all, I wants to draw your attention about new characters. Yes, of course to ...
Hello sir Few days back after the update i was playing pubg as usual. So i logged in to a dual space app provided in my redmi note 4. After logging in it suddenly showed that "your account is banned because of logging in to a third party app" what kind of thing is this i just ...
PUBG (@PUBG) · Twitter
#C4 is a new explosive so powerful, its shockwave can damage enemies even through walls and behind cover. Be ready with an evacuation plan when you hear those beeps 🚨
Twitter · 5 hours ago
PC #TestServers have been updated with Patch 7.3,bringing vehicle balance changes, improvements to train routes and terrain on Vikendi, a new timed explosive, the return of parachute follow mode, and more! Check out the patch notes here 🔗 bit.ly/3h7zO3m
Twitter · 3 days ago
The #PUBG #FreeWeekend is live! ⠀ Try out the game that defined the Battle Royale genre or show your friends the ropes and treat them to a free chicken dinner. ⠀ During this time, PUBG is also 50% off! Event ends June 8th.
Twitter · Jun 4, 2020
PUBG joins PlayStation’s Days of Play 2020 deals. Get 50% off from now for PS4! - AMER: 2020-06-03 8:00am ~ 06-17 11:59am (PT) - EMEA: 2020-06-03 1:00am ~ 06-17 11:59am (GMT) - ASIA: 2020-06-03 11:00am ~ 06-16 23:59pm (Local Time)
Twitter · Jun 3, 2020
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PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › PlayerUnknown's_Battleground
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South ...
PUBG MOBILE - Mad Miramar on the App Storeapps.apple.com › app › pubg-mobile-mad-mirama
May 7, 2020 - PUBG MOBILE delivers the most intense free-to-play multiplayer action on mobile. Drop in, gear up, and compete. Survive epic 100-player classic ...
Rating: 4.4 - 913,983 reviews - Free - iOS - Game
PUBG MOBILE - PUBG MOBILE - YouTubewww.youtube.com › PUBGMOBILE
PLAYERUNKNOWN'S BATTLEGROUNDS on Steamstore.steampowered.com › app › PLAYERUNKNOWN...
Dec 21, 2017 - At PUBG Corp., Greene is working with a veteran team of developers to make PUBG into the world's premiere battle royale experience.
Rating: 6/10 - 1,234,588 reviews - $29.99Searches related to pubg
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Gamepads - Flydigi Beehive Sleep-proof Sweat-proof Finger Sleeve, PUBG and other professional touch screen thumbs (Blue)
AED 110.00
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PLAYERUNKNOWN'S BATTLEGROUNDS (PUBG) Steam Gift GLOBAL
AED 141.22
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Free shipping
More on GooglePlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds
Online gameDescription6/10 · Steam
89% liked this video game
Google usersDescriptionPlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. Wikipedia
Initial release date: July 30, 2016
Designer: Brendan Greene
Composer: Tom Salta
Producer(s): Kim Chang-han
Developers: PUBG Corporation, Krafton
Publishers: PUBG Corporation, Krafton, Lightspeed & Quantum, Xbox Game Studios, Kakao Games
What do you think of this video game?
Audience reviews
This game is best ever than free fire and have almost same features as that of pubg mobile. I am not giving this game negative publicity but a few changes have to be happened in this game. First of all, I wants to draw your attention about new characters. Yes, of course to ...
This game is best ever than free fire and have almost same features as that of pubg mobile. I am not giving this game negative publicity but a few changes have to be happened in this game. First of all, I wants to draw your attention about new characters. Yes, of course to ...
Hello sir Few days back after the update i was playing pubg as usual. So i logged in to a dual space app provided in my redmi note 4. After logging in it suddenly showed that "your account is banned because of logging in to a third party app" what kind of thing is this i just ...
The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is estimated to contain more than 2 trillion galaxies.[1]
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is a branch of astronomyconcerned with the studies of the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. It is the scientific study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the laws of science that govern these areas.[2]
The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia,[3] and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis.[4]
Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology.
Physical cosmology is studied by scientists, such as astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions, and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Cosmology differs from astronomy in that the former is concerned with the Universe as a whole while the latter deals with individual celestial objects. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics;[5][6] more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model.
Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the speed of light.[7]
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is a branch of astronomyconcerned with the studies of the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. It is the scientific study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the laws of science that govern these areas.[2]
The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia,[3] and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis.[4]
Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology.
Physical cosmology is studied by scientists, such as astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions, and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Cosmology differs from astronomy in that the former is concerned with the Universe as a whole while the latter deals with individual celestial objects. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics;[5][6] more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model.
Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the speed of light.[7]
A simple pakistani boy.
PlayerUnknown's BattlegroundsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds
Developer(s)PUBG Corporation[a]
Publisher(s)PUBG Corporation[show]
Director(s)
Battlegrounds received positive reviews from critics, who found that while the game had some technical flaws, it presented new types of gameplay that could be easily approached by players of any skill level and was highly replayable. The game was attributed to popularizing the battle royale genre, with a number of unofficial Chinese clones also being produced following its success. The game also received several Game of the Year nominations, among other accolades. PUBG Corporation has run several small tournaments and introduced in-game tools to help with broadcasting the game to spectators, as they wish for it to become a popular esport. The game has also been banned in some countries for allegedly being harmful and addictive to younger players.
ContentsBattlegrounds is a player versus player shooter game in which up to one hundred players fight in a battle royale, a type of large-scale last man standing deathmatch where players fight to remain the last alive. Players can choose to enter the match solo, duo, or with a small team of up to four people. The last person or team alive wins the match.[1]
Each match starts with players parachuting from a plane onto one of the four maps, with areas of approximately 8 × 8 kilometres (5.0 × 5.0 mi), 6 × 6 kilometres (3.7 × 3.7 mi), and 4 × 4 kilometres (2.5 × 2.5 mi) in size.[2] The plane's flight path across the map varies with each round, requiring players to quickly determine the best time to eject and parachute to the ground.[1] Players start with no gear beyond customized clothing selections which do not affect gameplay. Once they land, players can search buildings, ghost towns and other sites to find weapons, vehicles, armor, and other equipment. These items are procedurally distributed throughout the map at the start of a match, with certain high-risk zones typically having better equipment.[1] Killed players can be looted to acquire their gear as well.[1] Players can opt to play either from the first-person or third-person perspective, each having their own advantages and disadvantages in combat and situational awareness; though server-specific settings can be used to force all players into one perspective to eliminate some advantages.[3]
Every few minutes, the playable area of the map begins to shrink down towards a random location, with any player caught outside the safe area taking damage incrementally, and eventually being eliminated if the safe zone is not entered in time; in game, the players see the boundary as a shimmering blue wall that contracts over time.[4] This results in a more confined map, in turn increasing the chances of encounters.[1] During the course of the match, random regions of the map are highlighted in red and bombed, posing a threat to players who remain in that area.[5] In both cases, players are warned a few minutes before these events, giving them time to relocate to safety.[6] A plane will fly over various parts of the playable map occasionally at random, or wherever a player uses a flare gun, and drop a loot package, containing items which are typically unobtainable during normal gameplay. These packages emit highly visible red smoke, drawing interested players near it and creating further confrontations.[1][7] On average, a full round takes no more than 30 minutes.[6]
At the completion of each round, players gain in-game currency based on their performance. The currency is used to purchase crates which contain cosmetic items for character or weapon customization.[8] A rotating "event mode" was added to the game in March 2018. These events change up the normal game rules, such as establishing larger teams or squads, or altering the distribution of weapons and armor across the game map.[9]
Development
Game creator Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene at the 2018 Game Developers ConferenceThe game's concept and design was led by Brendan Greene, better known by his online handle PlayerUnknown, who had previously created the ARMA 2 mod DayZ: Battle Royale, an offshoot of popular mod DayZ, and inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale.[10][11] At the time he created DayZ: Battle Royale, around 2013, Irish-born Greene had been living in Brazil for a few years as a photographer, graphic designer, and web designer, and played video games such as Delta Force: Black Hawk Down and America's Army.[12][13] The DayZ mod caught his interest, both as a realistic military simulation and its open-ended gameplay, and started playing around with a custom server, learning programming as he went along.[12] Greene found most multiplayer first-person shooters too repetitive, considering maps small and easy to memorize. He wanted to create something with more random aspects so that players would not know what to expect, creating a high degree of replayability; this was done by creating vastly larger maps that could not be easily memorized, and using random item placement across it.[14] Greene was also inspired by an online competition for DayZ called Survivor GameZ, which featured a number of Twitch and YouTube streamers fighting until only a few were left; as he was not a streamer himself, Greene wanted to create a similar game mode that anyone could play.[14] His initial efforts on this mod were more inspired by The Hunger Games novels, where players would try to vie for stockpiles of weapons at a central location, but moved away from this partially to give players a better chance at survival by spreading weapons around, and also to avoid copyright issues with the novels.[11] In taking inspiration from the Battle Royale film, Greene had wanted to use square safe areas, but his inexperience in coding led him to use circular safe areas instead, which persisted to Battlegrounds.[11]
When DayZ became its own standalone title, interest in his ARMA 2 version of the Battle Royale mod trailed off, and Greene transitioned development of the mod to ARMA 3.[12] Sony Online Entertainment (now the Daybreak Game Company) had become interested in Greene's work, and brought him on as a consultant to develop on H1Z1, licensing the battle royale idea from him.[12] In February 2016, Sony Online split H1Z1 into two separate games, the survival mode H1Z1: Just Survive, and the battle royale-like H1Z1: King of the Kill, around the same time that Greene's consultation period was over.[15]
Separately, the Seoul-based studio Ginno Games, led by Chang-han Kim and who developed massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) for personal computers, was acquired and renamed Bluehole Ginno Games by Bluehole in January 2015, a major South Korean publisher of MMOs and mobile games.[16][17] Kim recognized that producing a successful game in South Korea generally meant it would be published globally, and wanted to use his team to create a successful title for personal computers that followed the same model as other mobile games published by Bluehole. He had already been excited about making a type of battle royale game after he had played DayZ, in part that the format had not caught on in Korea. He also wanted to make this through an early access model and have a very limited development schedule to get the game out as quickly as possible, while treating the product as a "games as a service" model to be able to support it for many years.[16] In researching what had been done, he came across Greene's mods and reached out to him.[16] In July 2017, Bluehole partnered with social media platform Facebook to provide exclusive streaming content to Facebook's gaming channels, as part of their push to provide more gaming content for its users.[18]
Around the same time that Greene left Sony Online, Kim contacted and offered him the opportunity to work on a new battle royale concept. Within a week, Greene flew out to Bluehole's headquarters in Korea to discuss the options, and a few weeks later, became the creative director of Bluehole. He moved to South Korea to oversee development.[14] According to Greene, this was the first time a Korean game studio had brought aboard a foreigner for a creative director role, and while a risk, he says that his relationship with Bluehole's management is strong, allowing Greene's team to work autonomously with minimal oversight.[6] The game's main musical theme was composed by Tom Salta, who was personally selected by Greene as he and the team were looking for an "orchestral electronic hybrid theme" that would give players a "huge build-up", keeping them "resolutely determined" until a match starts.[19]
Development began in early 2016 and was publicly announced that June, with plans to have the game ready within a year.[20][21] Kim served as executive producer for the game.[14] Bluehole started with a team of about 35 developers supporting Greene's work, but had expanded to 70 by June 2017.[22] Greene stated that many of these developers were voluntarily putting in longer work hours into the game due to their dedication to the project, and not by any mandate from himself or Bluehole's management.[14][23] In addition to Bluehole, Greene also credits Bohemia Interactive, the developers of ARMA and DayZ, for support with motion capture animations via their Prague studio.[23][22]
With the rapid growth of interest in the game, Bluehole spun out the entire development for Battlegrounds into Bluehole Ginno Games in September 2017, which was renamed PUBG Corporation with Kim as its chief executive officer. PUBG Corporation continued the development of the game and its marketing and growth, opening an office in the United States with plans for future ones in Europe and Japan.[24] In August 2018, PUBG Corporation launched the "Fix PUBG" campaign, acknowledging that that game by then still had several lingering bugs and other performance issues.[25] The campaign finished in November, with PUBG Corporation calling it a success as everything listed had been implemented by then.[26]
In March 2019, Greene announced that he was stepping down as the game's lead designer, but would still serve as a creative consultant. Tae-seok Jang, the game's art director, would replace him, with Green relocating to PUBG's studio in Amsterdam, PUBG Special Projects.[27] Greene stated that he believed the main Battlegrounds team was at a place to continue developing the game in the direction he had set to keep the game unique among the other battle royale games it had launched, and he wanted to try something not tied to battle royale but still multiplayer-based. The move also put him closer to his family in Ireland.[28]
DesignBattlegrounds represents the standalone version of what Greene believes is the "final version" of the battle royale concept, incorporating the elements he had designed in previous iterations.[6][29] Faster development was possible with the game engine Unreal Engine 4, compared with ARMA and H1Z1, which were built with proprietary game engines. Greene acknowledged that implementing the size of the maps in Battlegrounds has been one of the challenges with working with Unreal, which was not designed with such maps in mind.[6][12] The game was designed as a mix between the realistic simulation of ARMA 3 and the arcade-like action focus and player accessibility of H1Z1.[5] To prevent in-game cheating, the game uses the "BattlEye" anti-cheating software, which had permanently banned over 13 million players by October 2018.[30][31] BattlEye indicated that 99% of all cheating software for the game was developed in China.[32]
Based on Greene's experience with the genre, an island with many terrain features was picked as the first map, known as "Erangel".[11] The map design scope was to offer players many possible options for strategic and unique gameplay.[4] Some buildings and structures were designed to depict the style of the brutalist architecture of the Soviet Union during the 1950s. The developer team playtested architecture features and random item placement systems, looking at both how close-quarters encounters went, and for open terrain areas.[4] The goal was to optimize the right distribution and placement of weapons and gear across the map, to encourage players to make strategic decisions about how to proceed in the game without overly penalizing players who may not find weapons within the first few minutes of a round.[6] During early access, additional maps were planned, such as one set on a fictional island in the Adriatic Sea that included snow-covered Yugoslavian territories.[33][22] Greene stated that he thought the Erangel map felt disjointed despite meeting their goals for gameplay, and sought to create more unified ideas with future maps.[11]
The freefall from an airplane at the start of each match was a new feature for the genre, to encourage strategy between staying with the pack of players or seeking out one's own route for a better chance at finding good loot.[6] With the added parachute drop, Greene considered that Battlegrounds had three distinct subgames: the airdrop during which one must quickly figure out the best time to jump and where to land in relationship to the other players, the loot game of knowing where and how to gather the best possible equipment, and the combat game with other players.[34] Winners of a match are greeted with the phrase "winner winner chicken dinner", an idiom that Greene had used in his prior battle royale games and kept in Battlegrounds, which itself had origins as early as the Great Depression era.[35]
Greene also introduced microtransactions that allow players to use real-world funds to purchase loot crates that provide randomly-selected cosmetic items, also known as "skins", which they can trade with other players; while Greene recognizes the issue with skin gambling, he believes that Valve has put safeguards in place to support a "skin economy" that will provide further revenue for them without concerns over gambling.[8] However, by November 2017, gray market skin gambling sites began to appear that used Battlegrounds cosmetics as virtual currency.[36] Following controversy over the use of loot boxes to offer "pay-to-win" items in other games in November 2017, the PUBG Corporation affirmed that while they would continue to add new cosmetic items rewarded by in-game crate purchases, they would never add anything that affects or alters gameplay.[37] In May 2018, PUBG Corporation disabled the ability to trade skins on the Steam Marketplace as they found that players were still abusing the system by selling them for monetary value through unofficial third-party platforms.[38] While still in early access, Bluehole offered an early preview of the system by offering time-limited crates that could be purchased during the first Battlegrounds Invitations tournament during Gamescom in August 2017, with the sales from these contributing to the prize pool. Among loot from these crates were special outfits inspired by the original Battle Royale film.[39] Greene anticipates adding a campaign mode with co-operative player support, though there would be "no serious lore" crafted for the narrative, comparing this to similar modes in Watch Dogs.[40]
The game also features custom gamemodes and modding support.[6][14] He considered modding support an essential part of the full release as, just as he had his start with mods, he wants to enable others to create variations on his game so that he could "find the next PlayerUnknown".[41] This was aided by a quiet release of custom server support to a number of influential streamers which subsequently made it into public release.[23] In one case, "Zombie Mode", all but four players pretend to be zombies, who may sometimes distinguish themselves by removing all clothing and are limited only to collecting melee weapons and consumable items, and must rush to attack the other four players, who are able to collect all gear and attempt to outrun and defeat the zombies.[42] Inspired by this mode, Greene announced plans to introduce an official zombie-based gameplay mode based on this into Battlegrounds.[43] Whereas most of the rest of the team continued to develop the core gameplay and maps, Greene is taking on the zombie mode as a near solo project, only using the assistance of the lead animator to help with the zombie animations.[22] Greene sees Battlegrounds as a platform, and would like to see more custom game types and mods developed by players for it.[12] Greene identified that some mods that he also previously worked on from ARMA 3 may become part of the Battlegrounds platform.[12] Greene also wants to incorporate the game with streaming services like Twitch that would enable replays or other features amenable to treating Battlegrounds as an esport, calling this an "ultimate end goal" for his development, but he wanted to let the nature of how it would play out naturally with players.[6][14][13]
ReleasePersonal computersBluehole used closed alpha and beta periods with about 80,000 players to gauge initial reaction to the gameplay and adjust balance prior to a wider release.[14][44] Just prior to the early access phase on Steam, Bluehole opened a few servers and invited some popular live streamers of similar games to try it out as to start gaining interest.[45] Early access for the Windows version launched on March 23, 2017.[46] This period was planned to last approximately six months, originally aiming for a September 2017 release.[46][47] In July 2017, Greene announced that they would need to extend the early access period by a few months, continuing to release updates on a regular basis, with plans to still release by the end of 2017, as committing to this original period "could hinder us from delivering a fully featured game and/or lead to disappointment within the community if the launch deadline is not met".[48] Initially, Bluehole had expected that they would just gain enough players through early access to smooth out the gameplay, and only when the game was completed, they would have started more marketing for the title. The sudden interest in the game from early access exceeded their expectations, and put emphasis on the stability of the game and its underlying networking alongside gameplay improvements.[44] Through August 2017, these updates generally included a major weekly patch alongside major monthly updates that provided key performance improvements.[49] However, from August onward Bluehole backed off the rate of such patches, as the high frequency has led to some quality control issues, and the developers rather make sure each patch content is well-vetted by the community before providing new updates; this did not change their plans for a 2017 release, where it fully released out of early access on December 20.[50][51]
In part of the game's success in early access, Tencent Games, the largest publisher of video games in China, approached Bluehole that same month with an offer to publish Battlegrounds in China and purchase equity in the company.[52] However, the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association issued a statement in October 2017 that discouraged battle royale-style games, stating that they are too violent and deviate from Chinese values of socialism, deeming it harmful to young consumers.[53][54] The following month however, PUBG had reached a formal agreement with the Chinese government to allow the release of the game in the country, with Tencent as the publishing partner.[55] However, some changes were made to make sure it aligned with socialist values and traditional Chinese morals.[56] In South Korea, the game is marketed and distributed by Kakao Games.[57]
Despite the lack of a Chinese publisher prior to the Tencent deal, players in China had found ways to acquire and play the game through Steam via proxies and other networking tricks.[58] To address it, PUBG Corporation planned to add maximum client ping limits for servers which can reduce the issues with latency problems and prevent some of the cheating that has occurred. This would not prevent cross-region matchmaking but may make it difficult for some players to play outside their region if they have a poor Internet infrastructure.[59] Tencent has also helped by identifying and reporting around 30 software programs to Chinese police that can be used to cheat in Battlegrounds, leading to over a hundred arrests by the beginning of 2018.[60] Separately, this technical issue, in addition to the larger number of Chinese players, has created complaints in the player community. Some Western players fear that many Chinese players are able to cheat in the game by exploiting some of the network latency issues, something that PUBG Corporation continued to address as the game shifted out of early access. However, a small number of players called for server segregation by region and had used racial insults at Chinese players they encountered in game. Greene was disappointed with this "xenophobic attitude", calling it "disgraceful", and asked the player community to respect the Chinese players more as their numbers were a key part of the game's success.[58] Greene also identified that players can easily get around such region locks using virtual private networks, making this approach ineffective.[61] PUBG Corporation eventually added region-based matchmaking by October 2018, though players still reported issues with connectivity and slow matchmaking.[62]
PUBG Lite is a free version of Battlegrounds that is meant to be better playable on low-end computers by having significant reductions in graphic details and other features, but is otherwise feature complete with the full game. The version is meant to be played in regions where the game's minimum specifications may be difficult for average players to achieve, with a beta launch first releasing in Thailand in January 2019, and in Europe that October.[63][64]
ConsolesGreene was part of Microsoft's press conference during E3 2017 to announce that Battlegrounds would be coming to Xbox One as a timed console exclusive sometime by the end of 2017, using the Xbox Game Preview early access approach to test it.[65][66][44]
Initially, Greene said that Microsoft was not directly involved in the porting but only providing assistance to make sure the port is good, and that most of the porting responsibilities are being done by Anticto, a Spanish developer.[41] However, at Gamescom that year, Bluehole affirmed that Microsoft Studios would be publishing the Xbox One version of the title, helping to make a planned 2017 release for this version.[67] Greene said that Microsoft's support has helped in several ways, not only for the Xbox One version but improving the performance and security of the Windows version. Further, by being part of the group of studios under the Microsoft banner, they have been able to talk and incorporate technology from other developers, such as improved water rendering techniques they obtained from Rare that they had developed for Sea of Thieves.[68] Microsoft considered Battlegrounds to be an important project to demonstrate their company's ability to be more than just a publisher, according to Microsoft's Nico Bihary who lead the project. Bihary said they have given Battlegrounds a "white glove" treatment, and for the Xbox One port have provided services from their advanced technology group and time and support from The Coalition, another of Microsoft Studios' subsidiaries.[69] Kim also stated that the team was interested in cross-platform play between the Windows and console versions, but did not anticipate this as a release feature, as they need to determine how to mitigate the advantage keyboard and mouse-using players would have over those using controllers.[44]
Titled "Game Preview Edition", the early access version for the Xbox One was released on December 12, 2017 in both digital and physical formats.[70] To promote it, Microsoft performed real-life supply crate drops in Australia in the week prior, with the crates containing Xbox hardware, Battlegrounds merchandise, and other goods, using passcodes published alongside the drop locations on social media.[71] The Xbox version also includes Xbox-specific in-game cosmetic items, some which could be purchased directly rather than through in-game crates.[72] The official release out of the Game Preview program occurred on September 4, 2018.[73][74]
With the announcement of the Xbox release, PUBG Corporation stated that there were plans to port to additional platforms, such as the PlayStation 4.[75][76][77] In an interview shortly after Gamescom, Greene said that their deal with Microsoft did not exclude a PlayStation 4 port, but that their focus at the time was only on the Windows and Xbox One version, given the small size of their team.[68][52] When asked about it in January 2018, Kim stated that the team released the game first on the Steam and Xbox Game Preview early access programs as they both easily allowed in-development games to be released and updated over time, which contrasted with Sony's lack of their own early access program, as well as their strict quality control for even completed games.[78] The PlayStation port was officially announced in November, and was released on December 7, 2018. PUBG Corporation studio head Brian Corrigan said that while they had had a small team working on the PlayStation 4 port for some time, it was only until the Xbox One port was mostly completed that they began fully working on the PlayStation port.[79] The PlayStation 4 version of the game includes platform-exclusive customization items, specifically the outfit of Nathan Drake from the Uncharted series, and Ellie's backpack from The Last of Us.[80] A short live-action film to promote the PlayStation 4 release was directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and starred Jason Mitchell.[81]
Cross-platform play support between the Xbox and PlayStation versions of Battlegrounds was added in October 2019 following a testing period during the prior month.[82][83]
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds – Pioneer Edition was released on the streaming service Stadia on April 28, 2020. The game was free for Stadia's paid subscribers on launch.[84]
Mobile versionsFollowing the Chinese publication deal for the Windows version, Tencent Games and PUBG Corporation additionally announced that they were planning on releasing two mobile versions based on the game in the country.[85][86] The first, PUBG: Exhilarating Battlefield, is an abridged version of the original game, and was developed by LightSpeed & Quantum Studio, an internal division of Tencent Games.[87] The second, PUBG: Army Attack, includes more arcade-style elements, including action taking place on warships, and was developed by Tencent's Timi Studio.[88] Both versions are free-to-play, and were released for Android and iOS devices on February 9, 2018.[89][90] The games had a combined total of 75 million pre-registrations, and ranked first and second on the Chinese iOS download charts at launch.[90] Following a soft launch in Canada, an English version of Exhilarating Battlefield, localized simply as PUBG Mobile, was released worldwide on March 19, 2018.[91][92][93]
In China, PUBG Mobile had been awaiting approval by the government for an authorized released, during which the game could only be offered as a public test. However, Tencent's planned release was suspended due to the government approval freeze across most of 2018. By May 2019, Tencent announced it would no longer seek to publish PUBG Mobile in China, but instead would re-release the game under the title, Game for Peace that readily meets China's content restrictions, such as eliminating blood and gore.[94] A version meant for lower-end mobile devices which features a smaller map made for 60 players, PUBG Mobile Lite, was released on July 25, 2019.[95]
EsportsTo celebrate the game surpassing two million copies sold, Bluehole announced a 2017 Charity Invitational event, inviting 128 players to compete over their official Twitch channel to raise money for the Gamers Outreach Foundation, with Bluehole matching all donations up to US$100,000.[96] The competition ran in early May 2017, and raised at least US$120,000 from viewers along with Bluehole's US$100,000 match, and served as a prototype for future esports events for the game.[97] During the August 2017 Gamescom event, Bluehole and ESL organized the first Battlegrounds invitational tournament, with a $350,000 prize pool. Separate events were held for solo players, two-player teams, two-player teams fixed to first-person perspective, and four-player squads. Each event featured three matches, with the player or team scoring the highest across all three named winners.[39][98][99]
Greene said that while he had envisioned the battle royale format to be a spectator sport since his ARMA II mod, their approach to making Battlegrounds an esport would be a matter of taking "baby steps". Greene said that they would not actively pursue esports until after the game was fully released and that all major bugs were eliminated. The Gamescom 2017 event demonstrated the issues surrounding the logistics of running a large Battlegrounds tournament with a large number of players involved, and they had worked alongside ESL to explore how to do this effectively in the future. Further, Greene stated there was also the need to establish a format for presenting a Battlegrounds match to make it interesting to spectators, which he thought would take some time to develop given the nature of the emergent gameplay, comparing it to established first-person shooters and multiplayer online battle arena esport games.[100] A 20-team, 80-player tournament with a US$200,000 prize pool was organized by Intel in Oakland in November 2017.[101][102]
Battlegrounds received "generally favorable reviews" on all platforms, with the exception of the PlayStation 4 version which received "mixed or average reviews", according to review aggregator Metacritic.[103] During both its early access phase and after, the game also surpassed numerous player-count records. Bluehole released statistics for the first four months of release that showed that over ten million rounds of Battlegrounds had been played, effectively equal to more than 25,000 man-years of time.[113] Data by SteamSpy showed that Battlegrounds had surpassed long-standing popular titles in concurrent player count on Steam, such as Fallout 4 and Grand Theft Auto V, eventually overtaking Dota 2, the most played game on the platform for years, in August 2017.[114][115] The following month, the game had its peak concurrent player count reach over 1.3 million, surpassing Dota 2's all-time record of 1.29 set in March 2016.[116][117][118] The game then reached a concurrent player count of two million in October 2017,[119] and three million by the end of the year.[120] The game has also been shown popular in South Korean PC bangs; analysis firm Gametrics reported that Battlegrounds had surpassed Overwatch and became the second-most played game in the country by August 2017, only behind League of Legends,[121] it subsequently surpassed League of Legends by October 2017.[122] Battlegrounds's popularity in China led to a large increase in users of Steam from there, with more than half of Steam clients having Chinese as their default language in late 2017.[58]
Several journalists commented on the game's rapid growth towards a large player base for a game that was still in early access. Greene had confidence that the game could reach over a million players within a month, but some of his development team were only anticipating around 200,000 to 300,000 within the first year, and were surprised by its performance in its first month.[123] Greene himself believed that the strong growth was buoyed by non-traditional promotional channels like Twitch streamers and other content creators, which they have since worked to introduce new gameplay elements ahead of public release.[68] IGN's Rad believed that the popularity of the game was due to its fast-paced nature compared to similar type games available at the time, such as H1Z1 and DayZ. She thought that the design balanced the solitary periods when the player is scavenging or sneaking around with those of being in combat with others, and the approach is readily accessible to new players with very little waiting time to get into a new match.[124] Andy Moore for Glixel considered that Battlegrounds's popularity comes from how the game encouraged players to engage due to the situation they are placed in rather than from the player's own disposition, comparing it to the Stanford prison experiment, and thus able to capture the interest of players who may normally eschew these types of games.[125]
Rock Paper Shotgun's Michael Johnson described Battlegrounds as "a tactical shooting sandbox, a story generator, and a horror game all in one", providing some of the "highest highs" in multiplayer gaming as reason for its popularity.[126] Rob Zacny for Waypoint found that Battlegrounds offered the same type of entertainment experience for viewers that many other player-vs-player survival games have, but because of the lack of persistence, players were more likely to experiment with resources rather than hoard them, leading to humorous or unexpected situations that are often absent in survival games and making the title more enjoyable to watch and play, leading to its popularity.[127] Jeff Grubb of Venture Beat considered Battlegrounds as a paradigm shift in the first-person shooter market similar to how Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare also changed the landscape of shooters when it was released in 2007, and believed it did this by being an anti-Call of Duty in terms of pacing and strategy.[128]
Battlegrounds is considered the defining game of the battle royale game genre due to its popularity, even though other games, including Greene's previous mods, were already on the market.[129] After its large early access sales numbers, other games followed with battle royale mechanics, with either existing games that added a battle royale mode or fully new games. Notably, Epic Games updated their in-development title Fortnite, a sandbox-based survival game that included the ability to construct fortifications, to include a battle royale mode that retained the fortification aspects. Known as Fortnite Battle Royale, Epic later released it as a standalone free-to-play game in September 2017. Shortly after its release, Bluehole expressed concerns about the game, acknowledging that while they cannot claim ownership of the battle royale genre, they feared that since they had been working with Epic for technical support of the Unreal engine, that they may have had a heads-up on planned features they wanted to bring to Battlegrounds and could release it first.[130] PUBG Corporation later filed a lawsuit against Epic Games Korea in January 2018, alleging that Fortnite Battle Royale was infringing the copyright of Battlegrounds.[131] However, the lawsuit was closed by PUBG in June 2018 for undisclosed reasons.[132]
Greene had expressed concern on the large number of games that have simply cloned the Battleground mechanics, particularly in China where clones of Battlegrounds are considered a new genre of "chicken-eating game" (based on the "winner winner chicken dinner" line to a match winner in Battlegrounds).[133][134] Greene said "I want this genre of games to grow. For that to happen you need new and interesting spins on the game mode. If it's just copycats down the line, then the genre doesn't grow and people get bored."[129] Greene claimed no ownership of the battle royale or last man standing genres, but believed that the clones were taking some specific mechanics he had developed in Battlegrounds and prior mods, such as the initial parachuting segment or the red-zone bombing runs, and would like to see legislation to give developers such as himself protection against these types of concepts as well as improve creativity as developers invent new approaches to mimic such innovations.[135] Battlegrounds's explosive growth and how it popularized the battle royale genre was considered to be one of the top stories in the video game industry during 2017.[136][137][138]
Prior to release of their mobile versions, PUBG Corporation initiated legal action in the Northern Distinct Court of California against Chinese game publisher NetEase in January 2018, claiming that their mobile games Rules of Survival and Knives Out infringe on Battlegrounds's copyrights. PUBG's lawsuit asserts that Rules of Survival is "a copyrightable audio-visual work, individually and/or in combination with other elements of Battlegrounds", and identified several elements that appear similar in both games. While some of these elements are common features of a battle royale game, PUBG asserted that other elements reference specific facets of Battlegrounds, such as references to chicken for winning a game or using cookware as weapons or armor, makes Rules of Survival imply a connection to Battlegrounds. PUBG seeks both monetary damages and requiring NetEase from further distribution of the games. NetEase, in responding to PUBG's request to Apple to remove the games, denied that their games violated Battlegrounds's copyrights.[139][140] By March 2019, the two companies had reached an undisclosed agreement and were working to get the cases dismissed.[141]
In March 2019, Battlegrounds was banned in the Indian state of Gujarat after the local government decided the game was "too addicting and violent" and an unnecessary distraction during exam season.[142] A number of students caught playing the game were arrested as a result.[143][144] The ban was not renewed in some cities in the state after March as exam season had ended.[142] A similar ban was enacted in Nepal and Iraq in April 2019, with the cited reasons being that the game was harmful to children and teenagers.[145][146] The ban in Nepal was shortly lifted by the country's Supreme Court, stating that the government could not enforce such a ban that interfered with personal freedoms without demonstrating why the ban was necessary.[147] In mid-2019, Jordan and the Indonesian province of Aceh issued similar bans.[148][149]
Sales and downloadsBattlegrounds made US$11 million in the first three days of its Windows early access release in March 2017.[150] By the second week of April, the game had sold over one million copies, with a peak player count of 89,000,[151] SuperData Research estimated that the game's April sales exceeded US$34 million, putting it as one of the top 10 highest grossing revenue games for the month and exceeding revenue from Overwatch and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.[152] By May 2017, the game had sold over two million copies, with total gross revenues estimated at US$60 million.[153][154] Within three months of its early access release, it had surpassed over five million copies sold,[155] and Bluehole announced it had exceeded US$100 million in sale revenue.[156] Battlegrounds reached this four million mark faster than Minecraft, which took over a year to reach similar sales figures while it was in its paid-beta development period.[157]
By September 2017, Bluehole's value, as tracked by a firm that tracks private Korean corporations, increased five-fold from June of that year to a value of US$4.6 billion, primarily due to Battlegrounds.[52] By December 2017, PUBG Corporation reported that there were more than 30 million players worldwide between the Windows and Xbox versions.[158] The research film SuperData estimated that Battlegrounds drew in more than US$712 million in revenue within 2017.[159] By February 2018, the game had sold over thirty million on Steam according to Steam Spy.[160] The following month, Gabe Newell stated that the game was the third highest-grossing game of all time on the platform.[161]
Within three days of going live on the Xbox Live Preview Program in mid-December 2017, Microsoft announced that Battlegrounds had sold more than a million copies on the platform. Alongside this, Microsoft announced that Battlegrounds would be offered as a free add-on for those buying the Xbox One X console through the end of 2017.[162] A month after release, the Xbox version had sold more than four million copies and was the fourth bestselling game in the United States, according to The NPD Group.[163][164] By March 2018, the game had sold forty million copies across all platforms, which had risen to over fifty million by June, averaging over 87 million players daily with over 400 million players in total.[165][166] The mobile version in particular had over 100 million downloads by August 2018,[167] and exceeded 225 million by October 2018,[168] a figure higher than the combined player base for Fortnite at nearly the same point in time. The bulk of these players are in Asian countries such as China and India, where PUBG Mobile was released before Fortnite and can run on lower-powered mobile hardware.[169][170] China has the game's largest player base,[168] and PUBG is the most popular online game in India, as of 2018.[171]
PUBG was the top-selling premium game of 2017,[172] having sold 30 million copies worldwide and grossed about $900 million.[173] By June 2018, it had sold more than 50 million copies worldwide.[166] PUBG was again the top-selling premium game of 2018, increasing its annual sales revenue to $1.028 billion.[174] In addition, the free-to-play PUBG Mobile became the first mobile battle royale game to gross over $1 billion,[175] reaching over $1.5 billion as of 2019.[176]
PUBG Mobile was the second most-downloaded mobile game of 2018, with nearly 300 million downloads worldwide. The game's largest market was China, which accounted for 29% of the game's downloads, followed by India and the United States each with about 10% (30 million) of its downloads. It was the most-installed battle royale game of 2018, with about 200 million more installs than Fortnite, which received 82 million installs on mobile devices.[177] As of 2019, PUBG Mobile has reached 555 million players worldwide. The mobile game's largest markets are India with 116 million (21%) downloads, China with 108 million (19%) downloads, and the United States with 42 million (8%) downloads.[178]
In Japan, PUBG was the most popular PC game during 2017.[179] PUBG Mobile grossed ¥3.58 billion ($32.42 million) in Japan during 2018.[180] In January 2019, the PlayStation 4 version of Battlegrounds sold 7,447 copies within its first week in Japan, which placed it at number fourteen on the all format sales chart.[181] As of December 2019, the PC and console versions of the game have sold over 60 million copies, in addition to PUBG Mobile having crossed 600 million downloads.[182]
AwardsWhile still in early access, Battlegrounds won the "Best Multiplayer Game" and was also nominated for the categories "Game of the Year" and "Best Ongoing Game" at The Game Awards 2017.[183] The game's nomination for "Game of the Year" created some debate, being the first early access title to be named for one of the top industry awards.[184][185] Also, about a month before it was released, the game won "Best Multiplayer Game" and "PC Game of the Year" at the 35th Golden Joystick Awards,[186] whereas its other nominations were for "Studio of the Year" (PUBG Corporation) and "Ultimate Game of the Year".[187] It also won the "Breakout Game of the Year" award at PC Gamer's end of the year awards,[188] whereas its other nomination was for "Game of the Year".[189] Polygon ranked the game second on their list of the 50 best games of 2017,[190] and The Verge named it one of their 15 Best Games of 2017,[191] while Entertainment Weekly ranked it seventh on their "Best Games of 2017" list.[192]
Following release, Battlegrounds has been nominated and won several industry awards, including winning Best Multiplayer Game at the 2017 Golden Joystick Awards and The Game Awards 2017, and Best Action Game at the 2017 D.I.C.E. Awards.
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PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds
Developer(s)PUBG Corporation[a]
Publisher(s)PUBG Corporation[show]
Director(s)
- Brendan Greene
- Jang Tae-seokPlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. The game is based on previous mods that were created by Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene for other games, inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale, and expanded into a standalone game under Greene's creative direction. In the game, up to one hundred players parachute onto an island and scavenge for weapons and equipment to kill others while avoiding getting killed themselves. The available safe area of the game's map decreases in size over time, directing surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. The last player or team standing wins the round.
Battlegrounds received positive reviews from critics, who found that while the game had some technical flaws, it presented new types of gameplay that could be easily approached by players of any skill level and was highly replayable. The game was attributed to popularizing the battle royale genre, with a number of unofficial Chinese clones also being produced following its success. The game also received several Game of the Year nominations, among other accolades. PUBG Corporation has run several small tournaments and introduced in-game tools to help with broadcasting the game to spectators, as they wish for it to become a popular esport. The game has also been banned in some countries for allegedly being harmful and addictive to younger players.
ContentsBattlegrounds is a player versus player shooter game in which up to one hundred players fight in a battle royale, a type of large-scale last man standing deathmatch where players fight to remain the last alive. Players can choose to enter the match solo, duo, or with a small team of up to four people. The last person or team alive wins the match.[1]
Each match starts with players parachuting from a plane onto one of the four maps, with areas of approximately 8 × 8 kilometres (5.0 × 5.0 mi), 6 × 6 kilometres (3.7 × 3.7 mi), and 4 × 4 kilometres (2.5 × 2.5 mi) in size.[2] The plane's flight path across the map varies with each round, requiring players to quickly determine the best time to eject and parachute to the ground.[1] Players start with no gear beyond customized clothing selections which do not affect gameplay. Once they land, players can search buildings, ghost towns and other sites to find weapons, vehicles, armor, and other equipment. These items are procedurally distributed throughout the map at the start of a match, with certain high-risk zones typically having better equipment.[1] Killed players can be looted to acquire their gear as well.[1] Players can opt to play either from the first-person or third-person perspective, each having their own advantages and disadvantages in combat and situational awareness; though server-specific settings can be used to force all players into one perspective to eliminate some advantages.[3]
Every few minutes, the playable area of the map begins to shrink down towards a random location, with any player caught outside the safe area taking damage incrementally, and eventually being eliminated if the safe zone is not entered in time; in game, the players see the boundary as a shimmering blue wall that contracts over time.[4] This results in a more confined map, in turn increasing the chances of encounters.[1] During the course of the match, random regions of the map are highlighted in red and bombed, posing a threat to players who remain in that area.[5] In both cases, players are warned a few minutes before these events, giving them time to relocate to safety.[6] A plane will fly over various parts of the playable map occasionally at random, or wherever a player uses a flare gun, and drop a loot package, containing items which are typically unobtainable during normal gameplay. These packages emit highly visible red smoke, drawing interested players near it and creating further confrontations.[1][7] On average, a full round takes no more than 30 minutes.[6]
At the completion of each round, players gain in-game currency based on their performance. The currency is used to purchase crates which contain cosmetic items for character or weapon customization.[8] A rotating "event mode" was added to the game in March 2018. These events change up the normal game rules, such as establishing larger teams or squads, or altering the distribution of weapons and armor across the game map.[9]
Development
Game creator Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene at the 2018 Game Developers ConferenceThe game's concept and design was led by Brendan Greene, better known by his online handle PlayerUnknown, who had previously created the ARMA 2 mod DayZ: Battle Royale, an offshoot of popular mod DayZ, and inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale.[10][11] At the time he created DayZ: Battle Royale, around 2013, Irish-born Greene had been living in Brazil for a few years as a photographer, graphic designer, and web designer, and played video games such as Delta Force: Black Hawk Down and America's Army.[12][13] The DayZ mod caught his interest, both as a realistic military simulation and its open-ended gameplay, and started playing around with a custom server, learning programming as he went along.[12] Greene found most multiplayer first-person shooters too repetitive, considering maps small and easy to memorize. He wanted to create something with more random aspects so that players would not know what to expect, creating a high degree of replayability; this was done by creating vastly larger maps that could not be easily memorized, and using random item placement across it.[14] Greene was also inspired by an online competition for DayZ called Survivor GameZ, which featured a number of Twitch and YouTube streamers fighting until only a few were left; as he was not a streamer himself, Greene wanted to create a similar game mode that anyone could play.[14] His initial efforts on this mod were more inspired by The Hunger Games novels, where players would try to vie for stockpiles of weapons at a central location, but moved away from this partially to give players a better chance at survival by spreading weapons around, and also to avoid copyright issues with the novels.[11] In taking inspiration from the Battle Royale film, Greene had wanted to use square safe areas, but his inexperience in coding led him to use circular safe areas instead, which persisted to Battlegrounds.[11]
When DayZ became its own standalone title, interest in his ARMA 2 version of the Battle Royale mod trailed off, and Greene transitioned development of the mod to ARMA 3.[12] Sony Online Entertainment (now the Daybreak Game Company) had become interested in Greene's work, and brought him on as a consultant to develop on H1Z1, licensing the battle royale idea from him.[12] In February 2016, Sony Online split H1Z1 into two separate games, the survival mode H1Z1: Just Survive, and the battle royale-like H1Z1: King of the Kill, around the same time that Greene's consultation period was over.[15]
Separately, the Seoul-based studio Ginno Games, led by Chang-han Kim and who developed massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) for personal computers, was acquired and renamed Bluehole Ginno Games by Bluehole in January 2015, a major South Korean publisher of MMOs and mobile games.[16][17] Kim recognized that producing a successful game in South Korea generally meant it would be published globally, and wanted to use his team to create a successful title for personal computers that followed the same model as other mobile games published by Bluehole. He had already been excited about making a type of battle royale game after he had played DayZ, in part that the format had not caught on in Korea. He also wanted to make this through an early access model and have a very limited development schedule to get the game out as quickly as possible, while treating the product as a "games as a service" model to be able to support it for many years.[16] In researching what had been done, he came across Greene's mods and reached out to him.[16] In July 2017, Bluehole partnered with social media platform Facebook to provide exclusive streaming content to Facebook's gaming channels, as part of their push to provide more gaming content for its users.[18]
Around the same time that Greene left Sony Online, Kim contacted and offered him the opportunity to work on a new battle royale concept. Within a week, Greene flew out to Bluehole's headquarters in Korea to discuss the options, and a few weeks later, became the creative director of Bluehole. He moved to South Korea to oversee development.[14] According to Greene, this was the first time a Korean game studio had brought aboard a foreigner for a creative director role, and while a risk, he says that his relationship with Bluehole's management is strong, allowing Greene's team to work autonomously with minimal oversight.[6] The game's main musical theme was composed by Tom Salta, who was personally selected by Greene as he and the team were looking for an "orchestral electronic hybrid theme" that would give players a "huge build-up", keeping them "resolutely determined" until a match starts.[19]
Development began in early 2016 and was publicly announced that June, with plans to have the game ready within a year.[20][21] Kim served as executive producer for the game.[14] Bluehole started with a team of about 35 developers supporting Greene's work, but had expanded to 70 by June 2017.[22] Greene stated that many of these developers were voluntarily putting in longer work hours into the game due to their dedication to the project, and not by any mandate from himself or Bluehole's management.[14][23] In addition to Bluehole, Greene also credits Bohemia Interactive, the developers of ARMA and DayZ, for support with motion capture animations via their Prague studio.[23][22]
With the rapid growth of interest in the game, Bluehole spun out the entire development for Battlegrounds into Bluehole Ginno Games in September 2017, which was renamed PUBG Corporation with Kim as its chief executive officer. PUBG Corporation continued the development of the game and its marketing and growth, opening an office in the United States with plans for future ones in Europe and Japan.[24] In August 2018, PUBG Corporation launched the "Fix PUBG" campaign, acknowledging that that game by then still had several lingering bugs and other performance issues.[25] The campaign finished in November, with PUBG Corporation calling it a success as everything listed had been implemented by then.[26]
In March 2019, Greene announced that he was stepping down as the game's lead designer, but would still serve as a creative consultant. Tae-seok Jang, the game's art director, would replace him, with Green relocating to PUBG's studio in Amsterdam, PUBG Special Projects.[27] Greene stated that he believed the main Battlegrounds team was at a place to continue developing the game in the direction he had set to keep the game unique among the other battle royale games it had launched, and he wanted to try something not tied to battle royale but still multiplayer-based. The move also put him closer to his family in Ireland.[28]
DesignBattlegrounds represents the standalone version of what Greene believes is the "final version" of the battle royale concept, incorporating the elements he had designed in previous iterations.[6][29] Faster development was possible with the game engine Unreal Engine 4, compared with ARMA and H1Z1, which were built with proprietary game engines. Greene acknowledged that implementing the size of the maps in Battlegrounds has been one of the challenges with working with Unreal, which was not designed with such maps in mind.[6][12] The game was designed as a mix between the realistic simulation of ARMA 3 and the arcade-like action focus and player accessibility of H1Z1.[5] To prevent in-game cheating, the game uses the "BattlEye" anti-cheating software, which had permanently banned over 13 million players by October 2018.[30][31] BattlEye indicated that 99% of all cheating software for the game was developed in China.[32]
Based on Greene's experience with the genre, an island with many terrain features was picked as the first map, known as "Erangel".[11] The map design scope was to offer players many possible options for strategic and unique gameplay.[4] Some buildings and structures were designed to depict the style of the brutalist architecture of the Soviet Union during the 1950s. The developer team playtested architecture features and random item placement systems, looking at both how close-quarters encounters went, and for open terrain areas.[4] The goal was to optimize the right distribution and placement of weapons and gear across the map, to encourage players to make strategic decisions about how to proceed in the game without overly penalizing players who may not find weapons within the first few minutes of a round.[6] During early access, additional maps were planned, such as one set on a fictional island in the Adriatic Sea that included snow-covered Yugoslavian territories.[33][22] Greene stated that he thought the Erangel map felt disjointed despite meeting their goals for gameplay, and sought to create more unified ideas with future maps.[11]
The freefall from an airplane at the start of each match was a new feature for the genre, to encourage strategy between staying with the pack of players or seeking out one's own route for a better chance at finding good loot.[6] With the added parachute drop, Greene considered that Battlegrounds had three distinct subgames: the airdrop during which one must quickly figure out the best time to jump and where to land in relationship to the other players, the loot game of knowing where and how to gather the best possible equipment, and the combat game with other players.[34] Winners of a match are greeted with the phrase "winner winner chicken dinner", an idiom that Greene had used in his prior battle royale games and kept in Battlegrounds, which itself had origins as early as the Great Depression era.[35]
Greene also introduced microtransactions that allow players to use real-world funds to purchase loot crates that provide randomly-selected cosmetic items, also known as "skins", which they can trade with other players; while Greene recognizes the issue with skin gambling, he believes that Valve has put safeguards in place to support a "skin economy" that will provide further revenue for them without concerns over gambling.[8] However, by November 2017, gray market skin gambling sites began to appear that used Battlegrounds cosmetics as virtual currency.[36] Following controversy over the use of loot boxes to offer "pay-to-win" items in other games in November 2017, the PUBG Corporation affirmed that while they would continue to add new cosmetic items rewarded by in-game crate purchases, they would never add anything that affects or alters gameplay.[37] In May 2018, PUBG Corporation disabled the ability to trade skins on the Steam Marketplace as they found that players were still abusing the system by selling them for monetary value through unofficial third-party platforms.[38] While still in early access, Bluehole offered an early preview of the system by offering time-limited crates that could be purchased during the first Battlegrounds Invitations tournament during Gamescom in August 2017, with the sales from these contributing to the prize pool. Among loot from these crates were special outfits inspired by the original Battle Royale film.[39] Greene anticipates adding a campaign mode with co-operative player support, though there would be "no serious lore" crafted for the narrative, comparing this to similar modes in Watch Dogs.[40]
The game also features custom gamemodes and modding support.[6][14] He considered modding support an essential part of the full release as, just as he had his start with mods, he wants to enable others to create variations on his game so that he could "find the next PlayerUnknown".[41] This was aided by a quiet release of custom server support to a number of influential streamers which subsequently made it into public release.[23] In one case, "Zombie Mode", all but four players pretend to be zombies, who may sometimes distinguish themselves by removing all clothing and are limited only to collecting melee weapons and consumable items, and must rush to attack the other four players, who are able to collect all gear and attempt to outrun and defeat the zombies.[42] Inspired by this mode, Greene announced plans to introduce an official zombie-based gameplay mode based on this into Battlegrounds.[43] Whereas most of the rest of the team continued to develop the core gameplay and maps, Greene is taking on the zombie mode as a near solo project, only using the assistance of the lead animator to help with the zombie animations.[22] Greene sees Battlegrounds as a platform, and would like to see more custom game types and mods developed by players for it.[12] Greene identified that some mods that he also previously worked on from ARMA 3 may become part of the Battlegrounds platform.[12] Greene also wants to incorporate the game with streaming services like Twitch that would enable replays or other features amenable to treating Battlegrounds as an esport, calling this an "ultimate end goal" for his development, but he wanted to let the nature of how it would play out naturally with players.[6][14][13]
ReleasePersonal computersBluehole used closed alpha and beta periods with about 80,000 players to gauge initial reaction to the gameplay and adjust balance prior to a wider release.[14][44] Just prior to the early access phase on Steam, Bluehole opened a few servers and invited some popular live streamers of similar games to try it out as to start gaining interest.[45] Early access for the Windows version launched on March 23, 2017.[46] This period was planned to last approximately six months, originally aiming for a September 2017 release.[46][47] In July 2017, Greene announced that they would need to extend the early access period by a few months, continuing to release updates on a regular basis, with plans to still release by the end of 2017, as committing to this original period "could hinder us from delivering a fully featured game and/or lead to disappointment within the community if the launch deadline is not met".[48] Initially, Bluehole had expected that they would just gain enough players through early access to smooth out the gameplay, and only when the game was completed, they would have started more marketing for the title. The sudden interest in the game from early access exceeded their expectations, and put emphasis on the stability of the game and its underlying networking alongside gameplay improvements.[44] Through August 2017, these updates generally included a major weekly patch alongside major monthly updates that provided key performance improvements.[49] However, from August onward Bluehole backed off the rate of such patches, as the high frequency has led to some quality control issues, and the developers rather make sure each patch content is well-vetted by the community before providing new updates; this did not change their plans for a 2017 release, where it fully released out of early access on December 20.[50][51]
In part of the game's success in early access, Tencent Games, the largest publisher of video games in China, approached Bluehole that same month with an offer to publish Battlegrounds in China and purchase equity in the company.[52] However, the China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association issued a statement in October 2017 that discouraged battle royale-style games, stating that they are too violent and deviate from Chinese values of socialism, deeming it harmful to young consumers.[53][54] The following month however, PUBG had reached a formal agreement with the Chinese government to allow the release of the game in the country, with Tencent as the publishing partner.[55] However, some changes were made to make sure it aligned with socialist values and traditional Chinese morals.[56] In South Korea, the game is marketed and distributed by Kakao Games.[57]
Despite the lack of a Chinese publisher prior to the Tencent deal, players in China had found ways to acquire and play the game through Steam via proxies and other networking tricks.[58] To address it, PUBG Corporation planned to add maximum client ping limits for servers which can reduce the issues with latency problems and prevent some of the cheating that has occurred. This would not prevent cross-region matchmaking but may make it difficult for some players to play outside their region if they have a poor Internet infrastructure.[59] Tencent has also helped by identifying and reporting around 30 software programs to Chinese police that can be used to cheat in Battlegrounds, leading to over a hundred arrests by the beginning of 2018.[60] Separately, this technical issue, in addition to the larger number of Chinese players, has created complaints in the player community. Some Western players fear that many Chinese players are able to cheat in the game by exploiting some of the network latency issues, something that PUBG Corporation continued to address as the game shifted out of early access. However, a small number of players called for server segregation by region and had used racial insults at Chinese players they encountered in game. Greene was disappointed with this "xenophobic attitude", calling it "disgraceful", and asked the player community to respect the Chinese players more as their numbers were a key part of the game's success.[58] Greene also identified that players can easily get around such region locks using virtual private networks, making this approach ineffective.[61] PUBG Corporation eventually added region-based matchmaking by October 2018, though players still reported issues with connectivity and slow matchmaking.[62]
PUBG Lite is a free version of Battlegrounds that is meant to be better playable on low-end computers by having significant reductions in graphic details and other features, but is otherwise feature complete with the full game. The version is meant to be played in regions where the game's minimum specifications may be difficult for average players to achieve, with a beta launch first releasing in Thailand in January 2019, and in Europe that October.[63][64]
ConsolesGreene was part of Microsoft's press conference during E3 2017 to announce that Battlegrounds would be coming to Xbox One as a timed console exclusive sometime by the end of 2017, using the Xbox Game Preview early access approach to test it.[65][66][44]
Initially, Greene said that Microsoft was not directly involved in the porting but only providing assistance to make sure the port is good, and that most of the porting responsibilities are being done by Anticto, a Spanish developer.[41] However, at Gamescom that year, Bluehole affirmed that Microsoft Studios would be publishing the Xbox One version of the title, helping to make a planned 2017 release for this version.[67] Greene said that Microsoft's support has helped in several ways, not only for the Xbox One version but improving the performance and security of the Windows version. Further, by being part of the group of studios under the Microsoft banner, they have been able to talk and incorporate technology from other developers, such as improved water rendering techniques they obtained from Rare that they had developed for Sea of Thieves.[68] Microsoft considered Battlegrounds to be an important project to demonstrate their company's ability to be more than just a publisher, according to Microsoft's Nico Bihary who lead the project. Bihary said they have given Battlegrounds a "white glove" treatment, and for the Xbox One port have provided services from their advanced technology group and time and support from The Coalition, another of Microsoft Studios' subsidiaries.[69] Kim also stated that the team was interested in cross-platform play between the Windows and console versions, but did not anticipate this as a release feature, as they need to determine how to mitigate the advantage keyboard and mouse-using players would have over those using controllers.[44]
Titled "Game Preview Edition", the early access version for the Xbox One was released on December 12, 2017 in both digital and physical formats.[70] To promote it, Microsoft performed real-life supply crate drops in Australia in the week prior, with the crates containing Xbox hardware, Battlegrounds merchandise, and other goods, using passcodes published alongside the drop locations on social media.[71] The Xbox version also includes Xbox-specific in-game cosmetic items, some which could be purchased directly rather than through in-game crates.[72] The official release out of the Game Preview program occurred on September 4, 2018.[73][74]
With the announcement of the Xbox release, PUBG Corporation stated that there were plans to port to additional platforms, such as the PlayStation 4.[75][76][77] In an interview shortly after Gamescom, Greene said that their deal with Microsoft did not exclude a PlayStation 4 port, but that their focus at the time was only on the Windows and Xbox One version, given the small size of their team.[68][52] When asked about it in January 2018, Kim stated that the team released the game first on the Steam and Xbox Game Preview early access programs as they both easily allowed in-development games to be released and updated over time, which contrasted with Sony's lack of their own early access program, as well as their strict quality control for even completed games.[78] The PlayStation port was officially announced in November, and was released on December 7, 2018. PUBG Corporation studio head Brian Corrigan said that while they had had a small team working on the PlayStation 4 port for some time, it was only until the Xbox One port was mostly completed that they began fully working on the PlayStation port.[79] The PlayStation 4 version of the game includes platform-exclusive customization items, specifically the outfit of Nathan Drake from the Uncharted series, and Ellie's backpack from The Last of Us.[80] A short live-action film to promote the PlayStation 4 release was directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and starred Jason Mitchell.[81]
Cross-platform play support between the Xbox and PlayStation versions of Battlegrounds was added in October 2019 following a testing period during the prior month.[82][83]
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds – Pioneer Edition was released on the streaming service Stadia on April 28, 2020. The game was free for Stadia's paid subscribers on launch.[84]
Mobile versionsFollowing the Chinese publication deal for the Windows version, Tencent Games and PUBG Corporation additionally announced that they were planning on releasing two mobile versions based on the game in the country.[85][86] The first, PUBG: Exhilarating Battlefield, is an abridged version of the original game, and was developed by LightSpeed & Quantum Studio, an internal division of Tencent Games.[87] The second, PUBG: Army Attack, includes more arcade-style elements, including action taking place on warships, and was developed by Tencent's Timi Studio.[88] Both versions are free-to-play, and were released for Android and iOS devices on February 9, 2018.[89][90] The games had a combined total of 75 million pre-registrations, and ranked first and second on the Chinese iOS download charts at launch.[90] Following a soft launch in Canada, an English version of Exhilarating Battlefield, localized simply as PUBG Mobile, was released worldwide on March 19, 2018.[91][92][93]
In China, PUBG Mobile had been awaiting approval by the government for an authorized released, during which the game could only be offered as a public test. However, Tencent's planned release was suspended due to the government approval freeze across most of 2018. By May 2019, Tencent announced it would no longer seek to publish PUBG Mobile in China, but instead would re-release the game under the title, Game for Peace that readily meets China's content restrictions, such as eliminating blood and gore.[94] A version meant for lower-end mobile devices which features a smaller map made for 60 players, PUBG Mobile Lite, was released on July 25, 2019.[95]
EsportsTo celebrate the game surpassing two million copies sold, Bluehole announced a 2017 Charity Invitational event, inviting 128 players to compete over their official Twitch channel to raise money for the Gamers Outreach Foundation, with Bluehole matching all donations up to US$100,000.[96] The competition ran in early May 2017, and raised at least US$120,000 from viewers along with Bluehole's US$100,000 match, and served as a prototype for future esports events for the game.[97] During the August 2017 Gamescom event, Bluehole and ESL organized the first Battlegrounds invitational tournament, with a $350,000 prize pool. Separate events were held for solo players, two-player teams, two-player teams fixed to first-person perspective, and four-player squads. Each event featured three matches, with the player or team scoring the highest across all three named winners.[39][98][99]
Greene said that while he had envisioned the battle royale format to be a spectator sport since his ARMA II mod, their approach to making Battlegrounds an esport would be a matter of taking "baby steps". Greene said that they would not actively pursue esports until after the game was fully released and that all major bugs were eliminated. The Gamescom 2017 event demonstrated the issues surrounding the logistics of running a large Battlegrounds tournament with a large number of players involved, and they had worked alongside ESL to explore how to do this effectively in the future. Further, Greene stated there was also the need to establish a format for presenting a Battlegrounds match to make it interesting to spectators, which he thought would take some time to develop given the nature of the emergent gameplay, comparing it to established first-person shooters and multiplayer online battle arena esport games.[100] A 20-team, 80-player tournament with a US$200,000 prize pool was organized by Intel in Oakland in November 2017.[101][102]
Battlegrounds received "generally favorable reviews" on all platforms, with the exception of the PlayStation 4 version which received "mixed or average reviews", according to review aggregator Metacritic.[103] During both its early access phase and after, the game also surpassed numerous player-count records. Bluehole released statistics for the first four months of release that showed that over ten million rounds of Battlegrounds had been played, effectively equal to more than 25,000 man-years of time.[113] Data by SteamSpy showed that Battlegrounds had surpassed long-standing popular titles in concurrent player count on Steam, such as Fallout 4 and Grand Theft Auto V, eventually overtaking Dota 2, the most played game on the platform for years, in August 2017.[114][115] The following month, the game had its peak concurrent player count reach over 1.3 million, surpassing Dota 2's all-time record of 1.29 set in March 2016.[116][117][118] The game then reached a concurrent player count of two million in October 2017,[119] and three million by the end of the year.[120] The game has also been shown popular in South Korean PC bangs; analysis firm Gametrics reported that Battlegrounds had surpassed Overwatch and became the second-most played game in the country by August 2017, only behind League of Legends,[121] it subsequently surpassed League of Legends by October 2017.[122] Battlegrounds's popularity in China led to a large increase in users of Steam from there, with more than half of Steam clients having Chinese as their default language in late 2017.[58]
Several journalists commented on the game's rapid growth towards a large player base for a game that was still in early access. Greene had confidence that the game could reach over a million players within a month, but some of his development team were only anticipating around 200,000 to 300,000 within the first year, and were surprised by its performance in its first month.[123] Greene himself believed that the strong growth was buoyed by non-traditional promotional channels like Twitch streamers and other content creators, which they have since worked to introduce new gameplay elements ahead of public release.[68] IGN's Rad believed that the popularity of the game was due to its fast-paced nature compared to similar type games available at the time, such as H1Z1 and DayZ. She thought that the design balanced the solitary periods when the player is scavenging or sneaking around with those of being in combat with others, and the approach is readily accessible to new players with very little waiting time to get into a new match.[124] Andy Moore for Glixel considered that Battlegrounds's popularity comes from how the game encouraged players to engage due to the situation they are placed in rather than from the player's own disposition, comparing it to the Stanford prison experiment, and thus able to capture the interest of players who may normally eschew these types of games.[125]
Rock Paper Shotgun's Michael Johnson described Battlegrounds as "a tactical shooting sandbox, a story generator, and a horror game all in one", providing some of the "highest highs" in multiplayer gaming as reason for its popularity.[126] Rob Zacny for Waypoint found that Battlegrounds offered the same type of entertainment experience for viewers that many other player-vs-player survival games have, but because of the lack of persistence, players were more likely to experiment with resources rather than hoard them, leading to humorous or unexpected situations that are often absent in survival games and making the title more enjoyable to watch and play, leading to its popularity.[127] Jeff Grubb of Venture Beat considered Battlegrounds as a paradigm shift in the first-person shooter market similar to how Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare also changed the landscape of shooters when it was released in 2007, and believed it did this by being an anti-Call of Duty in terms of pacing and strategy.[128]
Battlegrounds is considered the defining game of the battle royale game genre due to its popularity, even though other games, including Greene's previous mods, were already on the market.[129] After its large early access sales numbers, other games followed with battle royale mechanics, with either existing games that added a battle royale mode or fully new games. Notably, Epic Games updated their in-development title Fortnite, a sandbox-based survival game that included the ability to construct fortifications, to include a battle royale mode that retained the fortification aspects. Known as Fortnite Battle Royale, Epic later released it as a standalone free-to-play game in September 2017. Shortly after its release, Bluehole expressed concerns about the game, acknowledging that while they cannot claim ownership of the battle royale genre, they feared that since they had been working with Epic for technical support of the Unreal engine, that they may have had a heads-up on planned features they wanted to bring to Battlegrounds and could release it first.[130] PUBG Corporation later filed a lawsuit against Epic Games Korea in January 2018, alleging that Fortnite Battle Royale was infringing the copyright of Battlegrounds.[131] However, the lawsuit was closed by PUBG in June 2018 for undisclosed reasons.[132]
Greene had expressed concern on the large number of games that have simply cloned the Battleground mechanics, particularly in China where clones of Battlegrounds are considered a new genre of "chicken-eating game" (based on the "winner winner chicken dinner" line to a match winner in Battlegrounds).[133][134] Greene said "I want this genre of games to grow. For that to happen you need new and interesting spins on the game mode. If it's just copycats down the line, then the genre doesn't grow and people get bored."[129] Greene claimed no ownership of the battle royale or last man standing genres, but believed that the clones were taking some specific mechanics he had developed in Battlegrounds and prior mods, such as the initial parachuting segment or the red-zone bombing runs, and would like to see legislation to give developers such as himself protection against these types of concepts as well as improve creativity as developers invent new approaches to mimic such innovations.[135] Battlegrounds's explosive growth and how it popularized the battle royale genre was considered to be one of the top stories in the video game industry during 2017.[136][137][138]
Prior to release of their mobile versions, PUBG Corporation initiated legal action in the Northern Distinct Court of California against Chinese game publisher NetEase in January 2018, claiming that their mobile games Rules of Survival and Knives Out infringe on Battlegrounds's copyrights. PUBG's lawsuit asserts that Rules of Survival is "a copyrightable audio-visual work, individually and/or in combination with other elements of Battlegrounds", and identified several elements that appear similar in both games. While some of these elements are common features of a battle royale game, PUBG asserted that other elements reference specific facets of Battlegrounds, such as references to chicken for winning a game or using cookware as weapons or armor, makes Rules of Survival imply a connection to Battlegrounds. PUBG seeks both monetary damages and requiring NetEase from further distribution of the games. NetEase, in responding to PUBG's request to Apple to remove the games, denied that their games violated Battlegrounds's copyrights.[139][140] By March 2019, the two companies had reached an undisclosed agreement and were working to get the cases dismissed.[141]
In March 2019, Battlegrounds was banned in the Indian state of Gujarat after the local government decided the game was "too addicting and violent" and an unnecessary distraction during exam season.[142] A number of students caught playing the game were arrested as a result.[143][144] The ban was not renewed in some cities in the state after March as exam season had ended.[142] A similar ban was enacted in Nepal and Iraq in April 2019, with the cited reasons being that the game was harmful to children and teenagers.[145][146] The ban in Nepal was shortly lifted by the country's Supreme Court, stating that the government could not enforce such a ban that interfered with personal freedoms without demonstrating why the ban was necessary.[147] In mid-2019, Jordan and the Indonesian province of Aceh issued similar bans.[148][149]
Sales and downloadsBattlegrounds made US$11 million in the first three days of its Windows early access release in March 2017.[150] By the second week of April, the game had sold over one million copies, with a peak player count of 89,000,[151] SuperData Research estimated that the game's April sales exceeded US$34 million, putting it as one of the top 10 highest grossing revenue games for the month and exceeding revenue from Overwatch and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.[152] By May 2017, the game had sold over two million copies, with total gross revenues estimated at US$60 million.[153][154] Within three months of its early access release, it had surpassed over five million copies sold,[155] and Bluehole announced it had exceeded US$100 million in sale revenue.[156] Battlegrounds reached this four million mark faster than Minecraft, which took over a year to reach similar sales figures while it was in its paid-beta development period.[157]
By September 2017, Bluehole's value, as tracked by a firm that tracks private Korean corporations, increased five-fold from June of that year to a value of US$4.6 billion, primarily due to Battlegrounds.[52] By December 2017, PUBG Corporation reported that there were more than 30 million players worldwide between the Windows and Xbox versions.[158] The research film SuperData estimated that Battlegrounds drew in more than US$712 million in revenue within 2017.[159] By February 2018, the game had sold over thirty million on Steam according to Steam Spy.[160] The following month, Gabe Newell stated that the game was the third highest-grossing game of all time on the platform.[161]
Within three days of going live on the Xbox Live Preview Program in mid-December 2017, Microsoft announced that Battlegrounds had sold more than a million copies on the platform. Alongside this, Microsoft announced that Battlegrounds would be offered as a free add-on for those buying the Xbox One X console through the end of 2017.[162] A month after release, the Xbox version had sold more than four million copies and was the fourth bestselling game in the United States, according to The NPD Group.[163][164] By March 2018, the game had sold forty million copies across all platforms, which had risen to over fifty million by June, averaging over 87 million players daily with over 400 million players in total.[165][166] The mobile version in particular had over 100 million downloads by August 2018,[167] and exceeded 225 million by October 2018,[168] a figure higher than the combined player base for Fortnite at nearly the same point in time. The bulk of these players are in Asian countries such as China and India, where PUBG Mobile was released before Fortnite and can run on lower-powered mobile hardware.[169][170] China has the game's largest player base,[168] and PUBG is the most popular online game in India, as of 2018.[171]
PUBG was the top-selling premium game of 2017,[172] having sold 30 million copies worldwide and grossed about $900 million.[173] By June 2018, it had sold more than 50 million copies worldwide.[166] PUBG was again the top-selling premium game of 2018, increasing its annual sales revenue to $1.028 billion.[174] In addition, the free-to-play PUBG Mobile became the first mobile battle royale game to gross over $1 billion,[175] reaching over $1.5 billion as of 2019.[176]
PUBG Mobile was the second most-downloaded mobile game of 2018, with nearly 300 million downloads worldwide. The game's largest market was China, which accounted for 29% of the game's downloads, followed by India and the United States each with about 10% (30 million) of its downloads. It was the most-installed battle royale game of 2018, with about 200 million more installs than Fortnite, which received 82 million installs on mobile devices.[177] As of 2019, PUBG Mobile has reached 555 million players worldwide. The mobile game's largest markets are India with 116 million (21%) downloads, China with 108 million (19%) downloads, and the United States with 42 million (8%) downloads.[178]
In Japan, PUBG was the most popular PC game during 2017.[179] PUBG Mobile grossed ¥3.58 billion ($32.42 million) in Japan during 2018.[180] In January 2019, the PlayStation 4 version of Battlegrounds sold 7,447 copies within its first week in Japan, which placed it at number fourteen on the all format sales chart.[181] As of December 2019, the PC and console versions of the game have sold over 60 million copies, in addition to PUBG Mobile having crossed 600 million downloads.[182]
AwardsWhile still in early access, Battlegrounds won the "Best Multiplayer Game" and was also nominated for the categories "Game of the Year" and "Best Ongoing Game" at The Game Awards 2017.[183] The game's nomination for "Game of the Year" created some debate, being the first early access title to be named for one of the top industry awards.[184][185] Also, about a month before it was released, the game won "Best Multiplayer Game" and "PC Game of the Year" at the 35th Golden Joystick Awards,[186] whereas its other nominations were for "Studio of the Year" (PUBG Corporation) and "Ultimate Game of the Year".[187] It also won the "Breakout Game of the Year" award at PC Gamer's end of the year awards,[188] whereas its other nomination was for "Game of the Year".[189] Polygon ranked the game second on their list of the 50 best games of 2017,[190] and The Verge named it one of their 15 Best Games of 2017,[191] while Entertainment Weekly ranked it seventh on their "Best Games of 2017" list.[192]
Following release, Battlegrounds has been nominated and won several industry awards, including winning Best Multiplayer Game at the 2017 Golden Joystick Awards and The Game Awards 2017, and Best Action Game at the 2017 D.I.C.E. Awards.
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Reference Terms
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AstronomyAstronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation).
It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe.
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences.
Astronomers of early civilizations performed methodical observations of the night sky, and astronomical artifacts have been found from much earlier periods.
However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science.
Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, the making of calendars, and even, at one time, astrology, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be identical with astrophysics.
Since the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches.
Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring and analyzing data, mainly using basic principles of physics.
Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena.
The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results.
Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries, and astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena.
The most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 Gyr in age.
The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.
The study of stars and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the universe.
The astrophysics of stars has been determined through observation and theoretical understanding; and from computer simulations of the interior.
Star formation occurs in dense regions of dust and gas, known as giant molecular clouds.
When destabilized, cloud fragments can collapse under the influence of gravity, to form a protostar.
A sufficiently dense, and hot, core region will trigger nuclear fusion, thus creating a main-sequence star.
Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were created inside the cores of stars.
Note: The above text is excerpted from the Wikipedia article "Astronomy", which has been released under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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Holographic Cosmological Model and Thermodynamics on the Horizon of the UniverseMar. 26, 2020 -- A holographic cosmological model with a power-law term has been proposed by a researcher to study thermodynamic properties on the horizon of the ... read more
Looking for Dark Matter Close to HomeMar. 26, 2020 -- Eighty-five percent of the universe is composed of dark matter, but we don't know what, exactly, it ... read more
Paired With Super Telescopes, Model Earths Guide Hunt for LifeMar. 26, 2020 -- Astronomers have created five models representing key points from our planet's evolution, like chemical snapshots through Earth's own geologic epochs. The models will be spectral templates for ... read more
Precision Mirrors Poised to Improve Sensitivity of Gravitational Wave DetectorsMar. 18, 2020 -- Deformable mirrors, which are used to shape and control laser light, have a surface made of tiny mirrors that can each be moved, or actuated, to ... read more
Star Formation Project Maps Nearby Interstellar CloudsMar. 23, 2020 -- Astronomers have captured new, detailed maps of three nearby interstellar gas clouds containing regions of ongoing high-mass star formation. The results of this survey, called the Star Formation ... read more
Scientists Discover Pulsating Remains of a Star in an Eclipsing Double Star SystemMar. 16, 2020 -- Scientists have discovered a pulsating ancient star in a double star system, which will allow them to access important information on the history of ... read more
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On the Origin of Massive StarsMar. 18, 2020 -- A scene of stellar creation, captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, sits near the outskirts of the famous Tarantula Nebula. This cloud of gas and dust, as well as the many young and massive ... read more
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Universe
For other uses, see Universe (disambiguation).
The Universe (Latin: universus) is all of space and time[a] and their contents,[10] including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. While the spatial size of the entire Universe is unknown,[3] it is possible to measure the size of the observable universe, which is currently estimated to be 93 billion light-yearsin diameter. In various multiverse hypotheses, a universeis one of many causally disconnected[11] constituent parts of a larger multiverse, which itself comprises all of space and time and its contents;[12] as a consequence, ‘the Universe’ and ‘the multiverse’ are synonymous in such theories.
UniverseThe Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image shows some of the most remote galaxies visible with present technology, each consisting of billions of stars. (Apparent image area about 1/79 that of a full moon)[1]
Age (within Lambda-CDM model)13.799 ± 0.021 billion years[2]DiameterUnknown.[3] Diameter of the observable universe: 8.8×1026 m (28.5 Gpc or 93 Gly)[4]Mass (ordinary matter)At least 1053 kg[5]Average density (including the contribution from energy)9.9 x 10−30 g/cm3[6]Average temperature2.72548 K[7]Main contentsOrdinary (baryonic) matter(4.9%)
Dark matter (26.8%)
Dark energy (68.3%)[8]ShapeFlat with a 0.4% margin of error[9]The earliest cosmological models of the Universe were developed by ancient Greek and Indian philosophersand were geocentric, placing Earth at the center.[13][14]Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led Nicolaus Copernicus to develop the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System. In developing the law of universal gravitation, Isaac Newton built upon Copernicus' work as well as Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motionand observations by Tycho Brahe.
Further observational improvements led to the realization that the Sun is one of hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, which is one of at least hundreds of billions of galaxies in the Universe. Many of the stars in our galaxy have planets. At the largest scale, galaxies are distributed uniformly and the same in all directions, meaning that the Universe has neither an edge nor a center. At smaller scales, galaxies are distributed in clusters and superclusters which form immense filaments and voids in space, creating a vast foam-like structure.[15] Discoveries in the early 20th century have suggested that the Universe had a beginning and that space has been expanding since then,[16] and is currently still expanding at an increasing rate.[17]
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmologicaldescription of the development of the Universe. Under this theory, space and time emerged together 13.799±0.021 billion years ago[2] and the energy and matter initially present have become less dense as the Universe expanded. After an initial accelerated expansion called the inflationary epoch at around 10−32seconds, and the separation of the four known fundamental forces, the Universe gradually cooled and continued to expand, allowing the first subatomic particles and simple atoms to form. Dark mattergradually gathered, forming a foam-like structure of filaments and voids under the influence of gravity. Giant clouds of hydrogen and helium were gradually drawn to the places where dark matter was most dense, forming the first galaxies, stars, and everything else seen today. It is possible to see objects that are now further away than 13.799 billion light-years because space itself has expanded, and it is still expanding today. This means that objects which are now up to 46.5 billion light-years away can still be seen in their distant past, because in the past, when their light was emitted, they were much closer to Earth.
From studying the movement of galaxies, it has been discovered that the universe contains much more matterthan is accounted for by visible objects; stars, galaxies, nebulas and interstellar gas. This unseen matter is known as dark matter[18] (dark means that there is a wide range of strong indirect evidence that it exists, but we have not yet detected it directly). The ΛCDM model is the most widely accepted model of our universe. It suggests that about 69.2%±1.2% [2015] of the mass and energy in the universe is a cosmological constant(or, in extensions to ΛCDM, other forms of dark energy, such as a scalar field) which is responsible for the current expansion of space, and about 25.8%±1.1%[2015] is dark matter.[19] Ordinary ('baryonic') matter is therefore only 4.84%±0.1% [2015] of the physical universe.[19] Stars, planets, and visible gas clouds only form about 6% of ordinary matter, or about 0.29% of the entire universe.[20]
There are many competing hypotheses about the ultimate fate of the universe and about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang, while other physicists and philosophers refuse to speculate, doubting that information about prior states will ever be accessible. Some physicists have suggested various multiversehypotheses, in which our universe might be one among many universes that likewise exist.[3][21][22]
Definition
Etymology
Chronology and the Big Bang
Physical properties
Composition
Cosmological models
Historical conceptions
See also
References
External links
my offical website .
thank you
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Aileen Mehle
Aileen MehleBornJune 10, 1918
El Paso, Texas, U.S.DiedNovember 11, 2016 (aged 98)
New York, New York, U.S.OccupationSociety columnistYears active1950s – 2005Aileen Mehle (née Elder, June 10, 1918 – November 11, 2016), known by the pen name Suzy or Suzy Knickerbocker, was an American society columnist, active in journalism for over fifty years.[1] Her column was syndicated to 100 newspapers and read by over 30 million people.[2]
Contents
Early lifeEditMehle was born in El Paso, Texas, on June 10, 1918, to Lawrence Herman Elder, an oil company employee, and Aileen O’Keefe. Mehle moved with her family to California when she was a child. She attended Long Beach Junior College andSanta Barbara State College (now the University of California, Santa Barbara).[1]
In the early 1940s she, her mother and her infant son moved to Florida to live.[1][3]
CareerEditWhile living in Palm Beach Mehle became friends with Jan Cox, the wife of the editor of The Miami Daily News. Cox's husband overheard Mehle complaining about the quality of writing in his paper and invited her to submit sample columns; she did, and was hired to cover society news.[1] She adopted the pen name "Suzy" and wrote for the paper until 1957, when she moved to New York. There she was hired by The Mirror, and wrote a column for the paper for the next six years, until the paper ceased publishing.[1] In 1963 she took over Igor Cassini's column in the New York Journal-American, which he wrote under the pen name Cholly Knickerbocker. Mehle added this surname to her pen name "Suzy" and became "Suzy Knickerbocker".[1] She wrote six columns a week for the paper, until it closed. Mehle then joined The Daily News, followed by The New York Post.[1][4] From 1991 to her retirement in 2005, Mehle wrote for Women's Wear Daily and W magazine.[4]
In 1988, James Revson, a rival gossip columnist at Newsday, accused Mehle of fabricating some of the content of her columns. He alleged that she had reported on parties which she had not attended, instead writing from press releases and guest lists.[2][5][6] The situation was referred to as "Suzyscam" and "Suzygate" in the news media and reported widely.[5][6]
Mehle acknowledged that her writing was centred on the trivial and superficial, and that part of her goal was to bring some glamour to the lives of regular people.[1] However she has been also called the "social historian" of her time.[1] Her writing style was considered crisp and colourful,[6] and she was skilled at making flattering observations without risk of hurting a person's reputation.[3]
Television appearancesEditIn the 1960s, Mehle appeared as a panelist on the show What's My Line?. She also made a cameo appearance in theBatman episode, "King Tut's Coup," first broadcast on March 8, 1967. She is seen looking out her window as Robin and Batman walk up her building's outside wall and was credited by her pen name of Suzy Knickerbocker.[7]
Honours and recognitionEditIn 1991, Mehle received an honorary doctorate from Marymount Manhattan College. The school also holds a scholarship fund in her name, the Aileen Mehle Scholarship Fund for Journalism.[3]
Personal lifeEditMehle married Roger W. Mehle in 1939 and had a son, Roger, in 1941.[1] The couple later divorced. She married a second time, to Mark Kenneth Frank Jr.; they were divorced in 1957.[3]
Aileen Mehle died at her home in Manhattan on November 11, 2016, aged 98.[1]
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Aileen MehleBornJune 10, 1918
El Paso, Texas, U.S.DiedNovember 11, 2016 (aged 98)
New York, New York, U.S.OccupationSociety columnistYears active1950s – 2005Aileen Mehle (née Elder, June 10, 1918 – November 11, 2016), known by the pen name Suzy or Suzy Knickerbocker, was an American society columnist, active in journalism for over fifty years.[1] Her column was syndicated to 100 newspapers and read by over 30 million people.[2]
Contents
Early lifeEditMehle was born in El Paso, Texas, on June 10, 1918, to Lawrence Herman Elder, an oil company employee, and Aileen O’Keefe. Mehle moved with her family to California when she was a child. She attended Long Beach Junior College andSanta Barbara State College (now the University of California, Santa Barbara).[1]
In the early 1940s she, her mother and her infant son moved to Florida to live.[1][3]
CareerEditWhile living in Palm Beach Mehle became friends with Jan Cox, the wife of the editor of The Miami Daily News. Cox's husband overheard Mehle complaining about the quality of writing in his paper and invited her to submit sample columns; she did, and was hired to cover society news.[1] She adopted the pen name "Suzy" and wrote for the paper until 1957, when she moved to New York. There she was hired by The Mirror, and wrote a column for the paper for the next six years, until the paper ceased publishing.[1] In 1963 she took over Igor Cassini's column in the New York Journal-American, which he wrote under the pen name Cholly Knickerbocker. Mehle added this surname to her pen name "Suzy" and became "Suzy Knickerbocker".[1] She wrote six columns a week for the paper, until it closed. Mehle then joined The Daily News, followed by The New York Post.[1][4] From 1991 to her retirement in 2005, Mehle wrote for Women's Wear Daily and W magazine.[4]
In 1988, James Revson, a rival gossip columnist at Newsday, accused Mehle of fabricating some of the content of her columns. He alleged that she had reported on parties which she had not attended, instead writing from press releases and guest lists.[2][5][6] The situation was referred to as "Suzyscam" and "Suzygate" in the news media and reported widely.[5][6]
Mehle acknowledged that her writing was centred on the trivial and superficial, and that part of her goal was to bring some glamour to the lives of regular people.[1] However she has been also called the "social historian" of her time.[1] Her writing style was considered crisp and colourful,[6] and she was skilled at making flattering observations without risk of hurting a person's reputation.[3]
Television appearancesEditIn the 1960s, Mehle appeared as a panelist on the show What's My Line?. She also made a cameo appearance in theBatman episode, "King Tut's Coup," first broadcast on March 8, 1967. She is seen looking out her window as Robin and Batman walk up her building's outside wall and was credited by her pen name of Suzy Knickerbocker.[7]
Honours and recognitionEditIn 1991, Mehle received an honorary doctorate from Marymount Manhattan College. The school also holds a scholarship fund in her name, the Aileen Mehle Scholarship Fund for Journalism.[3]
Personal lifeEditMehle married Roger W. Mehle in 1939 and had a son, Roger, in 1941.[1] The couple later divorced. She married a second time, to Mark Kenneth Frank Jr.; they were divorced in 1957.[3]
Aileen Mehle died at her home in Manhattan on November 11, 2016, aged 98.[1]
ReferencesEdit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Roberts, Sam (2016-11-11). "Aileen Mehle, Gossip's Grande Dame Known as 'Suzy,' Dies at 98". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
- ^ a b Dullea, Georgia (1988-03-26). "Gossip Column Becomes Target For the Gossips". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
- ^ a b c d Koski, Lorna (2016-11-11). "Aileen Mehle, 'Suzy' Gossip Columnist, Dies at 98". WWD. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
- ^ a b Munzenrieder, Kyle. "Aileen Mehle, Gossip's Infamous Suzy, Dies at 98". W Magazine. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
- ^ a b "1988 Winners and Sinners". New York Magazine. December 1998, page 54.
- ^ a b c Signorile, Michelangelo (2003). Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 45.
- ^ "Aileen Mehle". IMDb. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
External linksEdit
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i like bored life. hahaha
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see my web
A 20year old young boy
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he is wrong .
my mind !'''-';;,,,?,
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لاہور: (دنیا نیوز) آئیے آپ کو 10 ایسی فلموں کے بارے میں بتاتے ہیں، جنہیں دماغ چکرا دینے والی فلمیں سمجھا جا سکتا ہے
دی گیم
سان فرانسسکو کے امیر سرمایہ کار نکولس وان اورٹن کو اپنے بھائی کونراڈ کی طرف سے سالگرہ کا ایک عجیب تحفہ ملتا ہے۔ ایک زندہ ایکشن گیم جو اس کی زندگی لے لیتی ہے۔
مسٹر نو باڈی
ایک خیالی مستقبل میں نیمو دنیا کا بوڑھا ترین اور آخری شخص ہے جو ہمیشہ زندہ رہنے کا انتخاب کرتا ہے۔ فلم نیمو کو ایک نوجوان کی حیثیت سے ناممکن فیصلے کا سامنا کرتے دکھاتی ہے کہ کیا وہ اپنے والد کے ساتھ رہے یا ماں کے ساتھ چلا جائے؟ فلم کی کہانی اس کی زندگی کے تمام امکانات کے گرد گھومتی ہے، جن سب کا انحصار اس کے ایک فیصلے پر ہوتا ہے۔
پرزنرز
جب کیلر ڈوور کی بیٹی اور اس کا دوست غائب ہو جاتے ہیں، تو پولیس سے مایوس ہو کر معاملات کو اپنے ہاتھوں میں لے لیتا ہے لیکن ایک ناامید باپ اپنے خاندان کی حفاظت میں کہاں تک جا سکتا ہے؟
ڈونی ڈارکو
مسائل سے دوچار نوعمر ڈونی ڈارکو کو ایک ڈراؤنا خواب آتا ہے کہ دنیا 28 دنوں میں ختم ہو جائے گی۔ مختلف کرداروں، جن میں 6 فٹ کا خرگوش فرینک بھی شامل ہوتا ہے کی مدد سے وہ پراسرار طبعیاتی اور مابعد الطبیعیاتی قوانین کو دریافت کرتا ہے، جو اس کی زندگی کو چلاتے ہیں اور وہ اسے کائنات کی تباہی کی جانب بڑھاتے ہیں۔
شٹر آئی لینڈ
امریکی مارشل ٹیڈی اور اس کا ساتھی چک ایک دور دراز جزیرے ’’شٹر آئی لینڈ‘‘پر جاتے ہیں کہ جہاں پاگلوں کے لیے ایک ہسپتال قائم ہے۔ ٹیڈی کی آمد کا مقصد ایک مریض کے اچانک غائب ہو جانے کی تحقیقات کرنا ہے، جس کا نام ریچل ہوتا ہے۔ ٹیڈی اور چک اس واقعے کی تحقیقات کرتے ہیں کہ آخر ریچل گئی کہاں؟ لیکن جو نتیجہ نکلتا ہے وہ شٹر آئی لینڈ کا راز ہوتا ہے۔
میمنٹو
فلم میمنٹو دو الگ کہانیوں کو جوڑتی ہے۔ ایک سابق انشورنس انویسٹی گیٹر لیونارڈ، جس کی یادداشت کمزور ہو جاتی ہے اور وہ اپنی بیوی کے قاتلوں کو تلاش کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے، جو اس کی آخری یادداشت ہوتی ہے۔ پہلی کہانی سیدھی سمت میں چلتی ہے جبکہ دوسرا حصہ الٹا چلتا ہے۔
پریسٹیج
جادوئی کمالات دکھانے والے دو افراد ایک دوسرے سے مسابقت میں بہت آگے نکل جاتے ہیں، اتنا آگے کہ ان کے لیے ہر قدم اٹھانا کوئی معنی نہیں رکھتا۔
فائٹ کلب
کام، کام اور صرف کام کرنے کی وجہ سے بے خوابی اور نفسیاتی مسائل سے دوچار نامعلوم ہیرو کو ایک دوست ملتا ہے۔ بالکل ویسا جیسا وہ بننا چاہتا ہے۔ دونوں ایک فائٹ کلب بناتے ہیں، جس کے انتہائی سخت قواعد ہوتے ہیں، جہاں وہ لوگ آپس میں لڑتے ہیں جو اپنی روٹین کی زندگی سے تنگ ہوتے ہیں اور کچھ نیا کرنا چاہتے ہیں لیکن کہانی حقیقت میں ویسی نہیں ہوتی، جیسی نظر آتی ہے۔
یوژوئل سسپیکٹس
ایک بحری جہاز پر پیش آنے والے حملے کے بعد صرف ایک شخص زندہ بچتا ہے، جو پانچ مجرموں کے ایک گروپ سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔ فلم اسی ایک شخص اور پولیس کے درمیان ہونے والی تفتیش کے گرد گھومتی ہے اور آخر میں آپ کو بھی گھما دیتی ہے۔
انسیپشن
ایک چور، جو خوابوں میں پہنچنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے کاروباری راز چراتا ہے۔ ایک مرتبہ نئی مہم پر جاتا ہے، جس میں اس نے چرانا نہیں بلکہ امیر شخصیت کے دماغ میں کوئی چیز رکھنا ہوتی ہے۔ خواب در خواب کی یہ دنیا آپ کو حیران کر دے گی
- See more at: http://urdu.dunyanews.tv/index.php/ur/Entertainment/348461#sthash.p56PEYsk.dpuf
دی گیم
سان فرانسسکو کے امیر سرمایہ کار نکولس وان اورٹن کو اپنے بھائی کونراڈ کی طرف سے سالگرہ کا ایک عجیب تحفہ ملتا ہے۔ ایک زندہ ایکشن گیم جو اس کی زندگی لے لیتی ہے۔
مسٹر نو باڈی
ایک خیالی مستقبل میں نیمو دنیا کا بوڑھا ترین اور آخری شخص ہے جو ہمیشہ زندہ رہنے کا انتخاب کرتا ہے۔ فلم نیمو کو ایک نوجوان کی حیثیت سے ناممکن فیصلے کا سامنا کرتے دکھاتی ہے کہ کیا وہ اپنے والد کے ساتھ رہے یا ماں کے ساتھ چلا جائے؟ فلم کی کہانی اس کی زندگی کے تمام امکانات کے گرد گھومتی ہے، جن سب کا انحصار اس کے ایک فیصلے پر ہوتا ہے۔
پرزنرز
جب کیلر ڈوور کی بیٹی اور اس کا دوست غائب ہو جاتے ہیں، تو پولیس سے مایوس ہو کر معاملات کو اپنے ہاتھوں میں لے لیتا ہے لیکن ایک ناامید باپ اپنے خاندان کی حفاظت میں کہاں تک جا سکتا ہے؟
ڈونی ڈارکو
مسائل سے دوچار نوعمر ڈونی ڈارکو کو ایک ڈراؤنا خواب آتا ہے کہ دنیا 28 دنوں میں ختم ہو جائے گی۔ مختلف کرداروں، جن میں 6 فٹ کا خرگوش فرینک بھی شامل ہوتا ہے کی مدد سے وہ پراسرار طبعیاتی اور مابعد الطبیعیاتی قوانین کو دریافت کرتا ہے، جو اس کی زندگی کو چلاتے ہیں اور وہ اسے کائنات کی تباہی کی جانب بڑھاتے ہیں۔
شٹر آئی لینڈ
امریکی مارشل ٹیڈی اور اس کا ساتھی چک ایک دور دراز جزیرے ’’شٹر آئی لینڈ‘‘پر جاتے ہیں کہ جہاں پاگلوں کے لیے ایک ہسپتال قائم ہے۔ ٹیڈی کی آمد کا مقصد ایک مریض کے اچانک غائب ہو جانے کی تحقیقات کرنا ہے، جس کا نام ریچل ہوتا ہے۔ ٹیڈی اور چک اس واقعے کی تحقیقات کرتے ہیں کہ آخر ریچل گئی کہاں؟ لیکن جو نتیجہ نکلتا ہے وہ شٹر آئی لینڈ کا راز ہوتا ہے۔
میمنٹو
فلم میمنٹو دو الگ کہانیوں کو جوڑتی ہے۔ ایک سابق انشورنس انویسٹی گیٹر لیونارڈ، جس کی یادداشت کمزور ہو جاتی ہے اور وہ اپنی بیوی کے قاتلوں کو تلاش کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے، جو اس کی آخری یادداشت ہوتی ہے۔ پہلی کہانی سیدھی سمت میں چلتی ہے جبکہ دوسرا حصہ الٹا چلتا ہے۔
پریسٹیج
جادوئی کمالات دکھانے والے دو افراد ایک دوسرے سے مسابقت میں بہت آگے نکل جاتے ہیں، اتنا آگے کہ ان کے لیے ہر قدم اٹھانا کوئی معنی نہیں رکھتا۔
فائٹ کلب
کام، کام اور صرف کام کرنے کی وجہ سے بے خوابی اور نفسیاتی مسائل سے دوچار نامعلوم ہیرو کو ایک دوست ملتا ہے۔ بالکل ویسا جیسا وہ بننا چاہتا ہے۔ دونوں ایک فائٹ کلب بناتے ہیں، جس کے انتہائی سخت قواعد ہوتے ہیں، جہاں وہ لوگ آپس میں لڑتے ہیں جو اپنی روٹین کی زندگی سے تنگ ہوتے ہیں اور کچھ نیا کرنا چاہتے ہیں لیکن کہانی حقیقت میں ویسی نہیں ہوتی، جیسی نظر آتی ہے۔
یوژوئل سسپیکٹس
ایک بحری جہاز پر پیش آنے والے حملے کے بعد صرف ایک شخص زندہ بچتا ہے، جو پانچ مجرموں کے ایک گروپ سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔ فلم اسی ایک شخص اور پولیس کے درمیان ہونے والی تفتیش کے گرد گھومتی ہے اور آخر میں آپ کو بھی گھما دیتی ہے۔
انسیپشن
ایک چور، جو خوابوں میں پہنچنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے کاروباری راز چراتا ہے۔ ایک مرتبہ نئی مہم پر جاتا ہے، جس میں اس نے چرانا نہیں بلکہ امیر شخصیت کے دماغ میں کوئی چیز رکھنا ہوتی ہے۔ خواب در خواب کی یہ دنیا آپ کو حیران کر دے گی
- See more at: http://urdu.dunyanews.tv/index.php/ur/Entertainment/348461#sthash.p56PEYsk.dpuf
My country PAKiSTAN
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This article is about the country. For other uses, seePakistan (disambiguation).
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
اسلامی جمہوریہ پاكستان (Urdu)
Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]
FlagEmblemMotto: Īmān, Ittiḥād, Naẓm
ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
"Faith, Unity, Discipline" [2]Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"[3]
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
CapitalIslamabad
33°40′N 73°10′ELargest cityKarachi
24°51′36″N 67°00′36″EOfficial languagesEnglish, Urdu[4][5][6][7][8]Recognised national languagesUrduRegional languagesPunjabi, Sindhi, Pashto,Balochi, Kashmiri, Brahui,Shina, Balti, Khowar,Burushaski Yidgha, Dameli,Kalasha, Gawar-Bati,Domaaki[9][10]ReligionIslamDemonymPakistaniGovernmentFederal parliamentary republic • PresidentMamnoon Hussain • Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif • Chief JusticeAnwar Zaheer JamaliLegislatureMajlis-e-Shoora • Upper houseSenate • Lower houseNational AssemblyIndependence from the United Kingdom • Conception[11]29 December 1930 • Declaration28 January 1933 • Resolution23 March 1940 • Dominion14 August 1947 • Islamic Republic23 March 1956 Area • Total881,913 km2[a] (36th)
340,509 sq mi • Water (%)3.1Population • 2015 estimate202,971,003[13] (6th) • Density260.8/km2 (55th)
675.6/sq miGDP (PPP)2016 estimate • Total$984.205 billion[14] (26th) • Per capita$5,084[14] (136th)GDP (nominal)2015 estimate • Total$270.961 billion[14] (42nd) • Per capita$1,427.08[14] (153rd)Gini (2008)30.0[15]
mediumHDI (2014) 0.538[16]
low · 147thCurrencyPakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)Time zonePST (UTC+5b)Drives on theleft[17]Calling code+92ISO 3166 codePKInternet TLD.pka.See also Pakistani English.:^αb.See also Daylight saving time in Pakistan.Pakistan (i/ˈpækᵻstæn/ or i/pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn/) (Urdu: پاکستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding201 million people.[13] It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi)coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Indiato the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border withOman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilization[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] which was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, includingHindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire,Alexander of Macedonia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire.
Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries as it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.[25] As a result of thePakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of the Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republicconsisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguisticallydiverse country, with a similar variation in itsgeography and wildlife. A regional and middle power,[26][27] Pakistan has the seventh largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, being the only nation in theMuslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integratedagriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal GDP and is also characterized among theemerging and growth-leading economies of the world.[28][29]
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country continues to face challenging problems, includingoverpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. Despite these factors it maintains strategic endowments and development potential while it has made substantial progress in reducing poverty giving it the second lowest headcount poverty rate in South Asia.[30] The nation has recently witnessed a rapid expansion of its prosperous middle class, the 18th largest worldwide.[31]Pakistan's stock exchange is Asia's highest performing stock market and, as of 2016, is part of the MSCI's emerging markets index.[32][33] It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, theNext Eleven Economies, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ECO, UfC, D8,Cairns Group, Kyoto Protocol, ICCPR, RCD,UNCHR, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,Group of Eleven, CPFTA, Group of 24, the G20 developing nations, ECOSOC, founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, SAARC and CERN.[34]
Etymology
History
Government and politics
Geography, environment and climate
Infrastructure
Demographics
Culture and society
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Edit this page
- Watch this page
- Read in another language
This article is about the country. For other uses, seePakistan (disambiguation).
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
اسلامی جمہوریہ پاكستان (Urdu)
Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]
FlagEmblemMotto: Īmān, Ittiḥād, Naẓm
ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
"Faith, Unity, Discipline" [2]Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"[3]
Area controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory shown in light green.
CapitalIslamabad
33°40′N 73°10′ELargest cityKarachi
24°51′36″N 67°00′36″EOfficial languagesEnglish, Urdu[4][5][6][7][8]Recognised national languagesUrduRegional languagesPunjabi, Sindhi, Pashto,Balochi, Kashmiri, Brahui,Shina, Balti, Khowar,Burushaski Yidgha, Dameli,Kalasha, Gawar-Bati,Domaaki[9][10]ReligionIslamDemonymPakistaniGovernmentFederal parliamentary republic • PresidentMamnoon Hussain • Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif • Chief JusticeAnwar Zaheer JamaliLegislatureMajlis-e-Shoora • Upper houseSenate • Lower houseNational AssemblyIndependence from the United Kingdom • Conception[11]29 December 1930 • Declaration28 January 1933 • Resolution23 March 1940 • Dominion14 August 1947 • Islamic Republic23 March 1956 Area • Total881,913 km2[a] (36th)
340,509 sq mi • Water (%)3.1Population • 2015 estimate202,971,003[13] (6th) • Density260.8/km2 (55th)
675.6/sq miGDP (PPP)2016 estimate • Total$984.205 billion[14] (26th) • Per capita$5,084[14] (136th)GDP (nominal)2015 estimate • Total$270.961 billion[14] (42nd) • Per capita$1,427.08[14] (153rd)Gini (2008)30.0[15]
mediumHDI (2014) 0.538[16]
low · 147thCurrencyPakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)Time zonePST (UTC+5b)Drives on theleft[17]Calling code+92ISO 3166 codePKInternet TLD.pka.See also Pakistani English.:^αb.See also Daylight saving time in Pakistan.Pakistan (i/ˈpækᵻstæn/ or i/pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn/) (Urdu: پاکستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding201 million people.[13] It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi)coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Indiato the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border withOman.
The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilization[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] which was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, includingHindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire,Alexander of Macedonia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire.
Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries as it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam.[25] As a result of thePakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of the Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republicconsisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguisticallydiverse country, with a similar variation in itsgeography and wildlife. A regional and middle power,[26][27] Pakistan has the seventh largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state, being the only nation in theMuslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integratedagriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal GDP and is also characterized among theemerging and growth-leading economies of the world.[28][29]
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country continues to face challenging problems, includingoverpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. Despite these factors it maintains strategic endowments and development potential while it has made substantial progress in reducing poverty giving it the second lowest headcount poverty rate in South Asia.[30] The nation has recently witnessed a rapid expansion of its prosperous middle class, the 18th largest worldwide.[31]Pakistan's stock exchange is Asia's highest performing stock market and, as of 2016, is part of the MSCI's emerging markets index.[32][33] It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, theNext Eleven Economies, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ECO, UfC, D8,Cairns Group, Kyoto Protocol, ICCPR, RCD,UNCHR, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,Group of Eleven, CPFTA, Group of 24, the G20 developing nations, ECOSOC, founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, SAARC and CERN.[34]
Etymology
History
Government and politics
Geography, environment and climate
Infrastructure
Demographics
Culture and society
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
a life events with takatak .
god bess u
-----------------------------------------------------
wajahid saeed (wikipedia)₩
name : wajahid
father: saeed ahmed
born 6 sept 1997 (age20)
country :PAKiSTAN
city : lahore
Religion :Islam
Occupation : photographar
Education : gujranwala
Favorite singer : akon
MyFavorite actor : jhonny depp
father: saeed ahmed
born 6 sept 1997 (age20)
country :PAKiSTAN
city : lahore
Religion :Islam
Occupation : photographar
Education : gujranwala
Favorite singer : akon
MyFavorite actor : jhonny depp
wajahid Favorite songs .
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. The game is based on previous mods that were created by Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene for other games, inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale, and expanded into a standalone game under Greene's creative direction. In the game, up to one hundred players parachute onto an island and scavenge for weapons and equipment to kill others while avoiding getting killed themselves. The available safe area of the game's map decreases in size over time, directing surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. The last player or team standing wins the round.
PlayerUnknown's BattlegroundsDeveloper(s)PUBG Corporation[a]Publisher(s)PUBG Corporation
Director(s)
Producer(s)Chang-han KimDesigner(s)Brendan GreeneArtist(s)Tae-seok JangComposer(s)Tom SaltaEngineUnreal Engine 4Platform(s)
ReleaseDecember 20, 2017
Genre(s)Battle royaleMode(s)MultiplayerBattlegrounds was first released for Microsoft Windowsvia Steam's early access beta program in March 2017, with a full release in December 2017. The game was also released by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox One via its Xbox Game Preview program that same month, and officially released in September 2018. A free-to-playmobile version for Android and iOS was released in 2018, in addition to a port for the PlayStation 4. Battlegrounds is one of the best-selling and most-played video games of all time, selling over fifty million copies worldwide by June 2018, with over 400 million players in total when including the mobile version.
Battlegrounds received positive reviews from critics, who found that while the game had some technical flaws, it presented new types of gameplay that could be easily approached by players of any skill level and was highly replayable. The game was attributed to popularizing the battle royale genre, with a number of unofficial Chinese clones also being produced following its success. The game also received several Game of the Year nominations, among other accolades. PUBG Corporation has run several small tournaments and introduced in-game tools to help with broadcasting the game to spectators, as they wish for it to become a popular esport. The game has also been banned in some countries for allegedly being harmful and addictive to young players.
Gameplay
Development
Release
Esports
Reception
Notes
References
External links
Last edited 12 days ago by Packer1028
RELATED ARTICLES
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. The game is based on previous mods that were created by Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene for other games, inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale, and expanded into a standalone game under Greene's creative direction. In the game, up to one hundred players parachute onto an island and scavenge for weapons and equipment to kill others while avoiding getting killed themselves. The available safe area of the game's map decreases in size over time, directing surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. The last player or team standing wins the round.
PlayerUnknown's BattlegroundsDeveloper(s)PUBG Corporation[a]Publisher(s)PUBG Corporation
- PUBG Corporation (PC, PS4)
- Microsoft Studios (Xbox One)
- Tencent Games (mobile)
Director(s)
- Brendan Greene
- Tae-seok Jang
Producer(s)Chang-han KimDesigner(s)Brendan GreeneArtist(s)Tae-seok JangComposer(s)Tom SaltaEngineUnreal Engine 4Platform(s)
ReleaseDecember 20, 2017
- Microsoft Windows
- December 20, 2017
- Android, iOS
- March 19, 2018
- Xbox One
- September 4, 2018
- PlayStation 4
- December 7, 2018
Genre(s)Battle royaleMode(s)MultiplayerBattlegrounds was first released for Microsoft Windowsvia Steam's early access beta program in March 2017, with a full release in December 2017. The game was also released by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox One via its Xbox Game Preview program that same month, and officially released in September 2018. A free-to-playmobile version for Android and iOS was released in 2018, in addition to a port for the PlayStation 4. Battlegrounds is one of the best-selling and most-played video games of all time, selling over fifty million copies worldwide by June 2018, with over 400 million players in total when including the mobile version.
Battlegrounds received positive reviews from critics, who found that while the game had some technical flaws, it presented new types of gameplay that could be easily approached by players of any skill level and was highly replayable. The game was attributed to popularizing the battle royale genre, with a number of unofficial Chinese clones also being produced following its success. The game also received several Game of the Year nominations, among other accolades. PUBG Corporation has run several small tournaments and introduced in-game tools to help with broadcasting the game to spectators, as they wish for it to become a popular esport. The game has also been banned in some countries for allegedly being harmful and addictive to young players.
Gameplay
Development
Release
Esports
Reception
Notes
References
External links
Last edited 12 days ago by Packer1028
RELATED ARTICLES
Bluehole (company)A BLUEHOLE company. It is the same company whenever you fire-up PUBG on the console,mobile
Battle royale gamevideo game genre with the last-man-standing gameplay
Rules of Survivalfree-to-play multiplayer online battle royale game released in 2017
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
chjkkkkjBanksia scabrella, commonly known as the Burma Road banksia, is a species of woody shrub in the genus Banksia. It is classified in the seriesAbietinae, a group of several species of shrubs with small round or oval flower spikes. It occurs in several isolated populations south of Geraldton, Western Australia; the largest is south and east ofMount Adams. Found on sandy soils in heathland or shrubland, it grows to 2 m (7 ft) high and 3 m (10 ft) across with fine needle-like leaves. Appearing in spring and summer, the flower spikes are tan to cream with purple styles. B. scabrella is killed by fire and regenerates by seed. Originally collected in 1966, it was one of several species previously considered to be forms ofBanksia sphaerocarpa, before it was finally described by banksia expert Alex George in his 1981 revision of the genus. Like many members of the Abietinae, it is rarely seen in cultivation, but has been described as havinghorticultural potential. (Full article...)Recently featured:
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